Quiz Twenty Three Flashcards
Vaughn on dividing up health care resources
managed care- a system for providing care to a specific group of pt (members of the system) using regulatory restraints to control costs and increase efficiency (HMOs and PPOs)
Daniels on dividing up health care resources
strong right to health care
John Rawls’ justice principle of “fair equality of opportunity”
disease and disability diminish people’s “normal species functioning” and restricts the range of opportunities available to them
since people are entitled to a fair equality of opportunity, and adequate health care can provide or restore their normal range of opportunities, they have a right to adequate health care
legal positivists- there are no rights except those embodied in actual institutions through law- there is a right to health care (HC) since institutions exist to assure access to everyone of needed services regardless of ability to pay (and then there is the US…)
positive right- requires others to do something beneficial for the right bearers
positive rights are harder to justify and their scope and limits are harder to characterize
negative right- requires others to refrain from doing something, usually harmful or restrictive, to the right bearers
health care is a bottomless pit of resource loss to libertarians
utilitarians are in favor of the gov assuring access to a broad range of medical services
utilitarian- recognizing a tight to health care is compatible with recognizing limits on entitlements that result from resource scarcity and the fact that there are other competing uses of resources,,, what entitlements to services follow from a right to health care cannot be specified outside the context of a SYSTEM properly designed to deliver health care in a way that promotes aggregate utility (entitlements are system-relative)
health care contribution is limited by other things, such as the distribution of money and education also affect equality of opportunity, and because health care leaves the normal distribution of talents and skills unmodified. it helps us to function as “normal” competitors not strictly equal ones
our concern for equality must be reconciled with considerations of liberty and efficiency in arriving at the overall requirements of justice
Engelhardt Jr. on dividing up health care resources
a basic human secular moral right to health care does not exist not even to a decent minimum of care
there may be claims to help those injured due to unfairness
society may help those in need because of benevolence but there is no forced obligation to do so
single-tier health care system is morally unjustifiable
rights to health care constitute claims on services and goods
four widely embraced health care policy goals: the best possible care is to be provided for all, equal care should be guaranteed, freedom of choice on the part of health care provider and consumer should be maintained, health care costs are to be contained
a health care system that acknowledges the moral and financial limitations on the provision of health care would need to: endorse inequality in access to health care as morally unavoidable because of private resources and human freedom, and endorse setting a price on saving human life as a part of establishing a cost-effective health care system established through communal resources
