Quiz One Flashcards

1
Q

morality

A

beliefs regarding morally right and wrong actions and morally good and bad persons or character, also refers generally to aspects of our life such as principles, rules, standards, and theories or more specifically to certain beliefs or practices of particular groups of people.

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2
Q

moral

A

a synonym for right or good

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3
Q

When moral means good or right is it synonymous with ethics?

A

no

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4
Q

ethics

A

the study of morality using tools and methods of philosophy

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5
Q

philosophy

A

a discipline that systematicaly examines life’s big questions through critical reasoning, logical argument, and careful reflection

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6
Q

ethics/moral philosophy

A

a reasoned way of delving into the meaning and import of moral concepts and issues and of evaluating the merits od moral judgemnets and syandards

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7
Q

descriptive ethics

A

the study of morality using the methodology of science, it’s purpose is to investigate the ‘empirical’ ffacts of morality - the actual belifs, behaviors, and practices that constitute peple’s moral experience

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8
Q

In ethics we ask as Socrates did-

A

How ought we to live?

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9
Q

In descriptive ethics we ask?

A

How do we in fact live?

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10
Q

normative ethics

A

the search for, and justification of, moral standards or morms

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11
Q

What moral principles, if any, should inform our moral judgements? What role should virtues play in our lives? Is the principal of autonomy justified? Are there any exceptions to the moral principal of “do not kill”? How should we resolve conflicts between moral norms? Is contractarianism a good moral theory? Is utilitarianism a better theory?

A

normative ethics

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12
Q

metaethics

A

the study of the meaning and justification of basic moral beliefs, we ask what it -means- for an action to be right or a person to be good.

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13
Q

Does “right” mean “has the best consequences” or “produces the most happiness” or “commanded by god”?What, if anything, is the difference between moral and non moral beliefs? Are there such things as moral facts? If so what sorts of things are they, and how can they be known? Vwm moral statements be truw ir false or are they just expressions of emotions or attitudes without any truth value? Can moral norms be justfied or proven?

A

metaethics

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14
Q

applied ethics

A

the use of moral norms and concepts to resolve practical moral issues

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15
Q

Bioethics, legal ethics, busess ethics, and journalistic ethics fall under what branch of ethics?

A

applied ethics

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16
Q

bioethics is what branch of ethics?

A

applied ethics focused on healthcare, medical sciences, and medical technology

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17
Q

nonmoral norms

A

aesthetic norms (help us make value judgements about art), etiquette norms, grammatical norms, prudent normals about what’s in our best interest, legal norms

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18
Q

normative dominance

A

moral norms that are presumed to dominate other kinds of norms (this is called overridingness)

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19
Q

universality

A

moral principles or judgements that apply in all relevantly similar situations

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20
Q

impartiality

A

the idea that everyone should be considered equal, that everyone’s interests should count the same

21
Q

moral reasoning

A

to engage in the essential, unavoidable practices of the moral life

22
Q

What are the struggles of maintaining a moral life?

A

normative dominance, universality, impartiality, and reasonableness

23
Q

moral obligations

A

concern our duty, what we are obligated to do- talks primarily about ACTIONS

24
Q

moral values

A

concern those things that we judge to be morally good, bad, praiseworthy, or blameworthy

25
Q

laws

A

norms enacted or enforced by the state to protect or promote the public good

26
Q

obligatory action

A

one that is permitted (neutral)

27
Q

permissible action

A

one that would be wrong NOT to perform

28
Q

prohibited action

A

one that would be wrong to perform

29
Q

supererogatory action

A

one that is “above and beyond” our duty

30
Q

an absolute principle

A

applied without exceptions

31
Q

a prima facie principle

A

applies in all cases unless an exception is warranted

32
Q

autonomy

A

a person’s rational capacity for self-government or self-determination - the ability to direct one’s own life and chose for oneself

33
Q

the special thing about autonomy

A

autonomy involves the capacity to make personal choices but choices CANNOT be considered entirely autonomous unless they are fully informed

34
Q

lying

A

is morally wrong because it undermines personal autonomy

35
Q

informed consent

A

demands that patients be allowed to freely consent to or decline treatments and that they receive the info they need to make informed judgements about them

36
Q

autonomy restriction/harm principle

A

a person’s autonomy may be curtailed to prevent harm to themselves or others

37
Q

paternalism

A

the overriding of a person’s actions - decision making for their own good

38
Q

strong paternalism

A

usually thought to be morally objectionable

39
Q

nonmaleficence

A

asks us to not intentionally or unintentionally inflict harm on others

40
Q

due care

A

to act reasonably and responsibly to minimize the harm or the chances of causing harm

41
Q

beneficence

A

“we should do good to others” it enjoins us to advance the welfare of others and prevent or remove harm to them

42
Q

benevolence

A

referring more to an attitude of goodwill towards others rather than to a principle of right action

43
Q

utility

A

the idea that we should produce the most favorable balance of good over bad (or benefit over harm) for all concerned

44
Q

justice

A

refers to people getting what is fair or what is their due

45
Q

retributive justice

A

concerns the fair meting out of punishment for wrongdoing

46
Q

distributive justice

A

concerns the fair distribution of societies advantages and disadvantages (jobs, income, health care, taxes, rights, and public services)

47
Q

libertarian

A

emphasize personal freedoms and the right to pursue one’s own social and economic well being in a free market without interference from others

48
Q

egalitarian

A

believe a just distribution is an equal distribution