Quiz Three

Question 1

moral theory

Answer 1

explains not why one event causes another but why an action is right or wrong or why a person or person’s character is good or bad

Question 2

moral theorizing

Answer 2

making, using, or assessing moral theories or parts of theories

Question 3

theories of obligation

Answer 3

moral theories that concentrate on right and wrong actions

Question 4

virtue-based theories

Answer 4

moral theories that focus on good and bad persons or characters

Question 5

T/F: moral theories can figure directly in our moral arguments

Answer 5

true

Question 6

T/F: theories can have indirect impact on moral arguments because principles appealed to are often supported in turn by a moral theory

Answer 6

true

Question 7

What’s more general: theories, principles, rules, or judgements?

Answer 7

moral theories

Question 8

consequentialism

Answer 8

moral theories that insist that the rightness of actions depends solely on their consequences or results

Question 9

deontological (non-consequentialism)

Answer 9

moral theories that say the rightness of actions is determined not solely by their consequences but partly or entirely by their intrinsic nature

Question 10

utilitarianism

Answer 10

the view that the right actions are those result in the most beneficial balance of good over bad consequences for everyone involved

Question 11

act-utilitarianism

Answer 11

the idea that the rightness of actions depends solely on the relative good produced by individual actions

Question 12

rule-utilitarianism

Answer 12

an idea that says the right action is one that conforms to a rule that, if followed consistently, would create for everyone involved the most beneficial balance of good over bad… it avoids judging rightness by specific acts and focuses instead on rules governing categories of acts

Question 13

Betham’s idea

Answer 13

happiness is one dimensional: it is pleasure, pure and simple, something that varies only in the amount that an agent can experience

Question 14

Mill’s idea

Answer 14

pleasures can vary in quality as well as quantity (lower pleasures are for gluttons and high pleasures for those who seek knowledge)

Question 15

Kantian ethics

Answer 15

the most sophisticated and influential deontological theory ever devised, the very antithesis of utilitarianism it says that the right actions do not depend in the least on consequences, the maximization of utility, the production of happiness, or the desires and needs of human being.—instead, the core of morality consists of following a rational and universally applicable moral rule and doing so solely out of a sense of duty (duty’s sake only)

Question 16

categorical imperatives

Answer 16

an imperative is a command to do something, it is categorical if it applied without exception and without regard for particular needs or purposes— a categorical imperative says “Do this- regardless”

Question 17

hypothetical imperative

Answer 17

a command to do something if we want to achieve particular aims, as in “if you want good pay, work hard”