Quiz Three

Question 1

O2

Answer 1

Oxygen

Question 2

CO2

Answer 2

Carbon dioxide

Question 3

AV

Answer 3

Atrioventricular

Question 4

SL

Answer 4

Semilunar

Question 5

ECG

Answer 5

Electrocardiogram

Question 6

BP

Answer 6

Blood pressure

Question 7

CABG

Answer 7

Coronary artery bypass grafting

Question 8

CHF

Answer 8

Congestive heart failure

Question 9

CAD

Answer 9

Coronary artery disease

Question 10

DVT

Answer 10

Deep vein thrombosis

Question 11

PE

Answer 11

Pulmonary embolism

Question 12

MI

Answer 12

Myocardial infarction

Question 13

HTN

Answer 13

Hypertension

Question 14

POTS

Answer 14

Postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome

Question 15

ANS

Answer 15

Autonomic nervous system

Question 16

What are the hearts chambers made up of?

Answer 16

Atrias and ventricles

Question 17

What do the atrias do for the heart?

Answer 17

The right atrium receives blood from the body.

The left atrium receives blood from the lungs

Question 18

What does the ventricles do for the heart?

Answer 18

They pump blood to the body and the lungs

Question 19

Sinoatrial node (SA)

Answer 19

“pacemaker” of the heart, posterior superior wall of the right atrium. Generates impulses that start the heart beat.

Question 20

Atrioventricular node (AV)

Answer 20

At the base of the interatrial septum. Once the impulse hits the AV node it moves very slowly through it.

Question 21

Bundle of his (atrioventricular bundle)

Answer 21

Located in the upper interventricular septum. When the impulse leaves the AV node it moves to the bundle of his.

Question 22

Right and left bundle branches

Answer 22

Located in the lower interventricular septum. The right and left bundle branches bring the impulse to the right ventricle. The left bundle branch brings the impulse to the left ventricle.

Question 23

Purkinje fibers

Answer 23

Transmit the impulse quickly and efficiently to the ventricular myocardial cells. This causes the ventricular chambers to contract.

Question 24

Systole (contractive phase)

Answer 24

When the heart is contracting and pumping out the blood

Question 25

Diastole (relaxation phase)

Answer 25

When the heart is resting between contractions

Question 26

What is a septum

Answer 26

Thick muscular wall that divides the heart into right and left sections

Question 27

What is an interatrial septum

Answer 27

Separates the right and left atria

Question 28

What is an interventricular septum

Answer 28

Divides the right and left ventricle

Question 29

The heart wall is composed of what three layers?

Answer 29

Endocardium: inner thin endothelial layer that lines the chambers and valves

Myocardium; middle and thickest layer of the heart, composed of cardiac muscles

Epicardium (visceral); the outer layer that covers the heart

Question 30

Parietal pericardium

Answer 30

Covering that loosely covers the heart like a sac

Question 31

What are examples of imaging procedures

Answer 31

Angiocardiography
Cardiac catheterization
Digital subtraction angiography
Doppler ultrasound
Color doppler
Echocardiography
Magnetic resonance imaging
Multiple-gated acquisition scan
Myocardial perfusion imaging
Phlebography
Positron emission tomography

Question 32

What are other tests completed for cardiovascular disorders

Answer 32

Electrocardiography (ECG, EKG)
Exercise stress test (EST)
Holter monitor
Swan-Ganz catheter

Question 33

What is congestive heart failure, the etiology, signs and symptoms, diagnostic procedures, and treatments

Answer 33

**heart failure, occurs when the heart does not efficiently pump blood. Blood backs up behind the failing pump.

Etiology:
CAD and high blood pressure are the most common causes. Congenital problems, heart attack, faulty valves, arrhythmias, infections and other diseases.

Signs & symptoms:
cough and shortness of breath with reclining or activity

Fatigue, faintness, weakness, and loss of appetite

Fast or irregular pulse and palpitations

Pitting edema in the feet and legs

Swollen liver and abdomen, weight gain

Diagnostic procedures:
During the physical exam, the provider will listen for abnormal heart and lung sounds and check for edema. Echocardiography, imaging tests, and blood tests may be ordered

Treatments:
Monitoring weight
Limiting dietary cholesterol
Salts
Fluids
Medications
Surgery
Pacemaker
Implantable defibrillator
Heart transplantation

Question 34

What is systolic heart failure

Answer 34

When the heart muscle cannot pump the blood out of the heart

Question 35

What is diastolic heart failure

Answer 35

When the chamber muscle is stiff and does not completely fill up with blood.

Question 36

Right sided heart failure

Answer 36

Fluid may back up into the body causing swelling in the legs feet and abdomen

Question 37

Left sided heart failure

Answer 37

Fluid may back up into the lungs, causing shortness of breath and abnormal lung sounds

Question 38

Cor pulmonale

Answer 38

Right sided heart failure caused by high blood pressure in the right ventricle and pulmonary arteries

Question 39

What are symptoms and immediate treatments of myocardial infarction

Answer 39

Symptoms:
Chest pain severe heaviness squeezing pressure or heartburn constant or intermittent pain

Upper body discomfort or pain in one or both arms shoulders neck jaw or upper part of the abdomen

Shortness of breath with activity or rest

Cold sweat tiredness without a reason nausea and vomiting dizziness light-headedness arrhythmias or palpitations

Females may have sharp burning chest pain or back pain 2/3 have no symptoms

Immediate treatments:
Chewing Aspirin to prevent additional clots

Nitroglycerin to dilate the coronary arteries and help increase the oxygen to the heart muscle

Oxygen therapy