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Animal Nutrition Final > Quiz questions > Flashcards

Quiz questions Flashcards

1
Q

Essential nutrients must be supplied in the diet.

A

True

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2
Q

The pet food industry is driven by research.

A

False

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3
Q

Nutrients become available for other metabolic functions once energy needs are met.

A

True

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4
Q

Which piece of equipment is used to measure energy?

A

Bomb calorimeter

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5
Q

What are the energy yielding nutrients?

A

Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

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6
Q

What are the 2 energy losses considered for dogs and cats?

A

Fecal and urinary

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7
Q

What energy system is used for pet food and energy requirements for dogs and cats?

A

Metabolizable energy

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8
Q

The ME value of hay would be the lowest for which species?

A

Cat

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9
Q

Animal feeding trials are the gold standard to determine ME of a pet food.

A

True

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10
Q

Researchers must collect and analyze feces and urine in a digestibility trial to determine ME of a diet.

A

False

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11
Q

Which is the primary carbohydrate used for energy within the body?

A

Glucose

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12
Q

Sucrose is composed of which 2 monosaccharides?

A

Glucose + fructose

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13
Q

Starch and glycogen have alpha-bonds making them indigestible.

A

False

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14
Q

Dogs and cats directly digest dietary fiber.

A

False

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15
Q

Beet pulp is a moderately fermentable fiber source commonly used in pet food.

A

True

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16
Q

SCFAs provide a significant amount of energy for dogs and cats.

A

False

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17
Q

Diets rich in highly fermentable fiber can result in poor stool quality in dogs.

A

True

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18
Q

What is the most important type of fat in the diet?

A

Triglycerides

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19
Q

Similar to humans, there is evidence that MCTs directly enter the portal blood supply rather than the lymphatic system in dogs.

A

False

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20
Q

Dietary fat is not digestible in dogs.

A

False, it is highly digestible

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21
Q

Technically, dogs and cats have a requirement for certain amino acids and nitrogen levels not protein.

A

True

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22
Q

Which amino acid is not essential for dogs and cats?

A

Proline

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23
Q

Animals can store excess amino acids.

A

False

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24
Q

If you are feeding a high-quality protein source, less quantity is needed to meet an animal’s requirement.

A

True

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25
Q

The chemical score method used to evaluate protein quality only accounts for the limiting amino acid and not all of the essential amino acids in the test protein.

A

True

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26
Q

Which is commonly used as the reference protein when evaluating protein quality?

A

Egg

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27
Q

If you are evaluating protein quality using the biological value (BV) method, you must analyze the food, feces, and urine of animals for nitrogen.

A

True

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28
Q

The net protein utilization (NPU) method for evaluating protein quality does not account for the digestibility of the protein.

A

False

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29
Q

Cats can convert carotenoids to active vitamin A.

A

False

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30
Q

Dogs and cats depend on dietary sources to meet their vitamin D requirement.

A

True

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31
Q

Vitamin E is a potent antioxidant.

A

True

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32
Q

Which vitamin is routinely administered in the treatment of rodenticide poisoning in pets?

A

Vitamin K

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33
Q

Vitamin K3 (menadione) is synthesized by bacteria in the large intestine.

A

False

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34
Q

Cats can synthesize enough niacin from tryptophan to meet their requirement.

A

False

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35
Q

Consumption of raw egg whites can lead to a deficiency in which B vitamin?

A

Biotin

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36
Q

Which vitamin contains cobalt?

A

Cobalamin

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37
Q

Which vitamin can be spared by methionine?

A

Choline

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38
Q

Vitamin C must be included in diets for dogs and cats.

A

False

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39
Q

Dogs and cats enzymatically break down carbohydrates in the mouth.

A

False

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40
Q

Dogs have more premolars and molars compared to cats due to their more omnivorous nature.

A

True

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41
Q

Dogs and cats don’t have the “salt appetite.”

A

True

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42
Q

Cats show preference for sweet flavors.

A

False

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43
Q

A dog can consume large meals due to the stomach’s ability to expand.

A

True

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44
Q

Which of the following would not slow the rate of gastric emptying?

A

A low fat diet

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45
Q

Kibble is round to increase surface area, which allows easier access for digestive enzymes.

A

True

46
Q

In regards to their GI tract, why do dogs and cats need to be fed highly digestible diets?

A

They have a short/small large intestine

47
Q

Carnivores rely heavily on microbial fermentation to digest nutrients.

A

False

48
Q

An agility dog is going to have higher nutrient requirements than a couch potato dog.

A

True

49
Q

Which of the following is not a goal for pet food?

A

Promote excessive growth

50
Q

Due to advancements over the past 40 years, obvious nutrient deficiencies are rare in dogs and cats.

A

True

51
Q

The nutrient requirements published from this organization are more commonly used to formulate diets for dogs and cats.

A

AAFCO

52
Q

AAFCO reports minimum nutrient requirements for dogs and cats using the following 2 categories.

  1. Growth and reproduction
  2. Adult maintenance
A

True

53
Q

The Feloidea superfamily includes 3 families (genet, hyena, and cat) that have all evolved as strict carnivores.

A

True

54
Q

The Canoidea superfamily includes several families with very diverse dietary habits.

A

True

55
Q

Cats can be classified as small dogs.

A

False

56
Q

The nutritional idiosyncrasies of cats impose a requirement for the inclusion of animal tissues in their diet.

A

True

57
Q

It is not possible to feed a cat a vegetarian or vegan diet.

A

False

58
Q

What is the metabolic body weight (MBW) of a healthy 5-year-old neutered Beagle weighing 20 lbs?

A

5.2

59
Q

What is the resting energy requirement (RER) of the Beagle?

A

364

60
Q

What is the maintenance energy requirement (MER) of the Beagle?

A

582.4

61
Q

Dogs and cats have a dietary requirement for carbohydrates.

A

False

62
Q

Cats are in a constant state of gluconeogenesis.

A

True

63
Q

Cats have minimal activity of which glycolytic enzyme?

A

Glucokinase

64
Q

Cats and dogs can tolerate a large consumption of dairy products.

A

False

65
Q

Dogs and cats do not have a dietary requirement for fiber.

A

True

66
Q

Dogs and cats have a dietary requirement for fat.

A

False

67
Q

What is the AAFCO minimum recommendation for fat in adult maintenance diets for dogs?

A

5%

68
Q

The amount of alpha-linolenic acid in pet food is determined relative to the level of linoleic acid.

A

True

69
Q

Minimums for EPA and DHA have been established for dogs and cats.

A

False

70
Q

Rancidity of pet food can cause essential fatty acid deficiencies in dogs and cats.

A

True

71
Q

Nitrogen balance studies provide amino acid requirements.

A

False

72
Q

Zero nitrogen balance is used for which physiological state?

A

Maintenance

73
Q

What is the average protein digestibility of high-quality commercial pet foods?

A

80-90%

74
Q

The protein requirements of dogs and cats are likely underestimated.

A

True

75
Q

According to AAFCO, what is the minimum level of protein that should be included in diets for adult dogs at maintenance?

A

18%

76
Q

What is the first limiting amino acid in most commercial pet foods?

A

Methionine

77
Q

Which amino acid is most susceptible to processing damage (Maillard reactions)?

A

Lysine

78
Q

Cats have a higher requirement for methionine and cysteine due to the production of felinine.

A

True

79
Q

The AAFCO minimum for taurine is greater for canned cat food compared to dry cat food.

A

True

80
Q

There is an increased risk of taurine deficiency with increased body size in dogs.

A

True

81
Q

Which type of feeding regimen is the least amount of work for the owner?

A

Free-choice feeding

82
Q

Free-choice feeding relies on the animal’s ability to self-regulate food intake.

A

True

83
Q

Free-choice feeding could decrease or eliminate noise during feeding times in shelters.

A

True

84
Q

Which is more commonly associated with free-choice feeding?

A

Overconsumption

85
Q

Time-controlled meal feeding can result in a “beat the clock” mentality in pets.

A

True

86
Q

Which is the most commonly used feeding regimen?

A

Portion-controlled meal feeding

87
Q

The owner has greatest control using which feeding regimen?

A

Portion-controlled meal feeding

88
Q

Energy is the most important dietary component that affects growth rate.

A

True

89
Q

Active Ca absorption mechanisms are not fully mature until 6 months of age.

A

True

90
Q

It is recommended to feed large and giant breed puppies high levels of Ca.

A

False

91
Q

Small and toy breed dogs have higher energy requirements per unit of body weight compared to large and giant breed dogs.

A

True

92
Q

What is the optimal protein level in diets for kittens?

A

30-36%

93
Q

Dietary Ca and P supplements should be added to a balanced, complete food that has been formulated for growing dogs or cats.

A

False

94
Q

DHA is an essential fatty acid for puppies and kittens.

A

True

95
Q

Diets fed to puppies should promote maximal growth rates.

A

False

96
Q

As animal age, their body will lose _________ mass.

A

Lean (muscle)

97
Q

At what age are pets at highest risk for obesity?

A

7-9 years

98
Q

Dietary protein does not cause or contribute to renal disease in geriatric pets.

A

True

99
Q

Geriatric pets have decreased ability to desaturate essential fatty acids.

A

True

100
Q

Supplementation of antioxidants may support the immune system in both growing and geriatric pets.

A

True

101
Q

What component in egg white can cause a deficiency in biotin?

A

Avidin

102
Q

Trypsin inhibitor in egg white reduces protein digestibility.

A

True

103
Q

The toxic compound, theobromine, in chocolate has a short-half life in the bloodstream of dogs.

A

False

104
Q

Which chocolate product poses the greatest risk for toxicity in dogs?

A

Cocoa powder

105
Q

Excess consumption of onions or garlic can result in anemia in dogs.

A

True

106
Q

It is believed by some pet owners that a diet too “rich” or too high in protein causes hot spots.

A

True

107
Q

Coprophagy in dogs is caused by a nutrient deficiency.

A

False

108
Q

Which ingredient was thought to cause “red coat” in dogs?

A

Beet pulp

109
Q

Which of the following is not a likely cause of “red coat” in dogs?
- Porphyrin staining
- Sunlight exposure
- Aging
- Copper deficiency

A

Copper deficiency

110
Q

Vitamin C supplementation may exacerbate the development of certain skeletal lesions in growing dogs.

A

True

Animal Nutrition Final (5 decks)

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