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Animal Nutrition Final > Exam #2 > Flashcards

Exam #2 Flashcards

1
Q

Compare and contrast the taste perception of dogs and cats.

A

To compare, both dogs and cats do not have a salt perception which is an immediate difference from people. Although dogs favor sweet flavors over others, their taste perception is also similar with cats in which Umami is a leading preference. Cats prefer bitter flavors first over others.

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2
Q

Which of the following would not slow the rate of gastric emptying?
A low fat diet
A low moisture diet
A diet high in soluble fiber
A large meal

A

A low fat diet

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3
Q

Kibble is round to increase surface area, which allows easier access for digestive enzymes.

A

True

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4
Q

How are the GI organs of dogs and cats different than a horse?

A

Dogs and cats much like horses are monogastric. However, horses stomachs comparatively are quite small to the other organs and will have a bigger large intestine, colon, and cecum to aid the hindgut fermentation processes. Dogs and cats will also have larger small intestine and stomach compared to other organs to process and digest the diet earlier on on the digestive tract.

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5
Q

The nutrient requirements published from this organization are more commonly used to formulate diets for dogs and cats.

A

AAFCO

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6
Q

AAFCO reports minimum nutrient requirements for dogs and cats using what 2 categories?

A

Maintenance
Growth and reproduction

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7
Q

The Feloidea superfamily includes 3 families (genet, hyena, and cat) that have all evolved as strict carnivores.

A

True

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8
Q

It is not possible to feed a cat a vegetarian or vegan diet.

A

False

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9
Q

Calculate the maintenance energy requirement (MER) of Cade, a healthy 3-year-old chocolate lab weighing 85 lb.

A

85 / 2.2 = 38.6 ^0.75 = 15.5

15.5 * 70 = 1085 kcals is the RER

1085 * 1.5 = 1627.5 kcals is the maintenance energy requirement

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10
Q

Explain why metabolic body weight is used to determine an animal’s energy requirement.

A

we raise the weight to .67 or .75 because they are based on surface area. putting a linear relationship between surface area and energy. increased surface to volume ratio and has a higher heat loss because they metabolize energy at a faster rate.

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11
Q

Discuss the optimal diet for dogs racing in the Iditarod.

A

Dogs racing in the Iditarod are quite tricky to feed do to the high energy requirements needed. Because these dogs can exceed a “regular” dogs intake by a significant amount, finding ways to include more things such as fats and proteins are important when trying to feed these dogs. Theoretically, if you were giving one of these dogs the recommended amount of dog food for their energy levels, they would have to eat roughly 80 cans of wet dog food to meet their needs, because of this supplementation with fats to the diet are necessary.

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12
Q

Dogs and cats have a dietary requirement for carbohydrates.

A

False

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13
Q

Cats are in a constant state of gluconeogenesis.

A

True

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14
Q

Cats have minimal activity of which glycolytic enzyme?

A

Glucokinase

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15
Q

What is the primary carbohydrate in pet food?

A

Starch

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16
Q

Cats and dogs can tolerate a large consumption of dairy products.

A

False

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17
Q

Dogs and cats have a dietary requirement for fiber.

A

False

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18
Q

What is the AAFCO minimum recommendation for fat in adult maintenance diets for dogs?

A

5%

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19
Q

The amount of alpha-linolenic acid in pet food is determined relative to the level of linoleic acid.

A

True

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20
Q

Rancidity of pet food can cause essential fatty acid deficiencies in dogs and cats.

A

True

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21
Q

Nitrogen balance studies provide amino acid requirements.

A

False

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22
Q

Positive nitrogen balance is used for which physiological state?

A

Growth

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23
Q

The protein requirements of dogs and cats are likely underestimated.

A

True

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24
Q

Explain why cats have an immediate and severe response to a deficiency in arginine.

A

Arginine is part of the urea cycle in cats, deficiencies can cause diarrhea, vomiting, and if sever enough coma and death. Cats have an immediate and severe reaction to this deficiency to to their inability to synthesize oranine which is a vital and used in this process. The ability to regulate and excrete excess nutrients is very important, when this cycle is not able to be used as intended and efficiently, it can cause issues like this one.

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25
Q

What is the first limiting amino acid in most commercial pet foods?

A

Methionine

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26
Q

Which amino acid is most susceptible to processing damage (Maillard reactions)?

A

Lysine

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27
Q

How can rice bran cause a taurine deficiency?

A

Deficiency of certain vitamins and amino acids, such as vitamin A, zinc, cysteine, or methionine

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28
Q

Cats are more at risk of a vitamin A toxicity compared to dogs because preformed vitamin A is readily absorbed.

A

True

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29
Q

Why is additional vitamin E needed in cat diets containing high levels of fish oils?

A

Visamin E helps with oxidation and is needed

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30
Q

The bioavailability of calcium and phosphorus in plant products is higher than that of animal products.

A

False

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31
Q

Vitamin K is supplemented in cat diets containing 25% or more fish.

A

True

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32
Q

Certain types of raw fish contain an enzyme that destroys which B vitamin?

A

Thiamin (B1)

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33
Q

Many animal-based ingredients included in pet food have more calcium than phosphorus.

A

False

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34
Q

Dogs and cats don’t have the “salt appetite.”

A

True

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35
Q

Cats show preference for sweet flavors.

A

False

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36
Q

A dog can consume large meals due to the stomach’s ability to expand.

A

True

37
Q

Kibble is round to increase surface area, which allows easier access for digestive enzymes.

A

True

38
Q

In regards to their GI tract, why do dogs and cats need to be fed highly digestible diets?

A

They have a short/small large intestine

39
Q

Carnivores rely heavily on microbial fermentation to digest nutrients.

A

False

40
Q

How are the GI organs of dogs and cats different than a horse?

A

Size/function of stomach, small intestine, cecum, colon

41
Q

How are the GI organs of dogs and cats different than a cow?

A

Size/function of stomach, small intestine, cecum, colon

42
Q

An agility dog is going to have higher nutrient requirements than a couch potato dog.

A

True

43
Q

Which of the following is not a goal for pet food?

A

Promote excessive growth

44
Q

Due to advancements over the past 40 years, obvious nutrient deficiencies are rare in dogs and cats.

A

True

45
Q

The nutrient requirements published from this organization are more commonly used to formulate diets for
dogs and cats.

A

AAFCO

46
Q

AAFCO reports minimum nutrient requirements for dogs and cats using the following 2 categories.
1. Growth and reproduction
2. Adult maintenance

A

True

47
Q

The Feloidea superfamily includes 3 families (genet, hyena, and cat) that have all evolved as strict carnivores.

A

True

48
Q

The Canoidea superfamily includes several families with very diverse dietary habits.

A

True

49
Q

Compare and contrast the evolutionary history of dogs and cats.

A

Phylogenic tree

50
Q

It is not possible to feed a cat a vegetarian or vegan diet.

A

False

51
Q

Explain why metabolic body weight is used to determine an animal’s energy requirement.

A
52
Q

Discuss the optimal diet for dogs racing in the Iditarod.

A
53
Q

Dogs and cats have a dietary requirement for carbohydrates.

A

False

54
Q

Cats are in a constant state of gluconeogenesis.

A

True

55
Q

What is gluconeogenesis?

A
56
Q

Why are cats in a constant state of gluconeogenesis? What are the benefits?

A
57
Q

Cats have minimal activity of which glycolytic enzyme?

A

Glucokinase

58
Q

What is the primary carbohydrate in pet food?

A

Starch

59
Q

Why are carbohydrates included in pet food?

A
60
Q

How is the starch in pet food over 90% digestible for dogs and cats?

A
61
Q

Cats and dogs can tolerate a large consumption of dairy products.

A

False

62
Q

Dogs and cats do not have a dietary requirement for fiber.

A

True

63
Q

Dogs and cats have a dietary requirement for fat.

A

False

64
Q

The amount of alpha-linolenic acid in pet food is determined relative to the level of linoleic acid.

A

True

65
Q

Minimums for EPA and DHA have been established for dogs and cats.

A

False

66
Q

What are the symptoms of a deficiency in linoleic acid in dogs and cats?

A
67
Q

Rancidity of pet food can cause essential
fatty acid deficiencies in dogs and cats.

A

True

68
Q

What is rancidity? How can it impact pet
food?

A
69
Q

Nitrogen balance studies provide amino
acid requirements.

A

False

70
Q

Zero nitrogen balance is used for which
physiological state?

A

Maintenance

71
Q

What is the average protein digestibility
of high-quality commercial pet foods?

A

80-90%

72
Q

The protein requirements of dogs and
cats are likely underestimated.

A

True

73
Q

Why are the protein requirements for
dogs and cats thought to be
underestimated?

A
74
Q

Explain the relationship between protein
and energy density in pet food.

A

When lower quantities of food are fed because of greater energy density, protein must contribute a higher proportion of the diet so that the animal is still able to meet its total protein needs.

75
Q

If a dog has depleted body protein reserves how would their dietary protein requirement be impacted? Why?

A

Dogs with depleted body protein reserves require lower levels of N to achieve
N balance (Allison et al., 1946)
* Increased efficiency of absorption
* Metabolic down-regulation of protein catabolism

76
Q

According to AAFCO, what is the
minimum level of protein that should be
included in diets for adult dogs at
maintenance?

A

18%

77
Q

In contrast to other species, cats require
more protein for maintenance than
growth.

A

True

78
Q

Explain why cats have an immediate and
severe response to a deficiency in
arginine.

A
79
Q

What is the first limiting amino acid in
most commercial pet foods?

A

Methionine

80
Q

Which amino acid is most susceptible to
processing damage (Maillard reactions)?

A

Lysine

81
Q

Cats have a higher requirement for
methionine and cysteine due to the
production of felinine.

A

True

82
Q

What is felinine?

A
83
Q

What is taurine, where is it found, and
why is it important?

A
84
Q

Why do cats have a taurine requirement?

A

It is critical for normal vision, digestion and heart muscle function, for the maintenance of a healthy immune system, and the maintenance of normal pregnancy and fetal development.
Taurine is generally not considered an essential amino acid for dogs, because these animals can synthesize taurine from cysteine and methionine.

85
Q

A deficiency in taurine can cause DCM.

A

True

86
Q

The AAFCO minimum for taurine is
greater for canned cat food compared to
dry cat food.

A

True

87
Q

How can rice bran cause a taurine
deficiency?

A
88
Q

There is an increased risk of taurine
deficiency with increased body size in
dogs.

A

True

Animal Nutrition Final (5 decks)

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