quiz questions Flashcards
Drugs that block the action of an endogenous hormone are known as:
antagonists
which type of receptor actiivates signal transduction pathways inside the cell by directly phosphorylating target proteins?
receptor tyrosine kinase
if a drug is dissolved at a concentration of 1 x 10^-9 M, this could also be expressed as:
1 nanomolar (nM)
one reason that spare receptors occur is because of:
signal amplification by second messenger pathways
if a drug has a low Kd, we can alsp say that is has a
high affinity
What is assocated with receptor antagonism that is surmountable (can be overcome by adding more agonist)?
competitive antagonist
if a drug has a narrow therapeutic index, thismeans that:
the difference between its therapeutic dose and a toic dose is small
a weak acid drug with a pKa of 6.2 is taken orally. In the stomach, it will be:
almost completely non-ionized (protonated)
what property would enhance the distribution of a drug into the brain
high lipid solubility
Phase I metabolic reactions
typically involve oxidaiton, reduction or hydrolysis
alcohol enhances acetaminophen toxicity because it
induces enzymes that form the toxic metabolite (NAPQI)
which way does a noncompetitive antagonist shift the dose-response curve
the curve will be shifted to the right and plateau at less than 100%
a patient experiences an allergic reaction to pinicillin. This is an example of _ toxicity
idiosyncratic
a drug undergoes extensive metabolism in the liver via the first pass effect. This means that it will have:
low bioavailability
compared to extensive metabolizers, patients whoa re CYP2D6 poor metabolizers will experience _ analgesia when they take codeine
less
if a drug has a high volume of distribution, this indicates that
a large fraction of the drug dose leaves the plasma and binds to tissue sites
in a heart that is beating at a normal resting rate of 70 bpm, what would be the effect of compete blockade of muscarininc receptors by a muscarinic antagonist drug
the heart rate would increase to approx. 100 bpm
what is not a location where nicotinic acetylcholine receptors are typically found
parasympathetic target organs
many organs recieve dual innervation from both divisions of the autonomic nervous system. an importnat exception is
the blood vessel, which only recieve sympathetic innervation
what is the mechanism of action and effect for organophosphates
inhibition of acetylcholinesterase leading to a cholinomimetic effect
the drug bethanechol is
a muscarininc agonist
