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Pharmacology Exam 1 > lecture 3: autonomic pharmacology > Flashcards

lecture 3: autonomic pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

Parasympathetic NS innervation

A

cranial, sacral nerves

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2
Q

sympathetic NS innervation

A

thoracic, lumbar

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3
Q

what is an action of the parasympathetic nervous system

A

salivation increased

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4
Q

sympathetic NS NT

A

NE, Ep

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5
Q

sympathetic receptros

A

alpha and beta adrenergic receptors

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6
Q

sympathetic action

A

fight or flight actions

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7
Q

parasympethic actions

A

rest and digest actions

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8
Q

parasymathetic NT

A

ACh

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9
Q

parasympathetic receptor

A

mACh, nACh

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10
Q

what tone dominates heart rate

A

vagal tone

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11
Q

ways that a drug can increase the activity of a synapse

A
  1. increase neurotransmitter release into the synapse
  2. reduce reuptake of the neurotransmitter from the synapse
  3. reduce degradation of the neurotransmitter in the synapse
  4. mimic activity of a neurotransmitter at its receptor
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12
Q

ways that a drug can decrease the activity of a synapse

A
  1. block a neurotransmitter’s receptor
  2. inhibit synthesis of a neurotransmitter
  3. prevent the release of a NT
  4. prevent packinging in vesicles
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13
Q

general drug mechanisms

A
  1. activate M receptors directly
  2. actiivate M receptors indirecrtly by inhibiting AChE
  3. Block M receptors
  4. Inhibit ACh release
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14
Q

drugs that enhance PSNS signaling:

A

parasympathomimetics, cholinomimetics

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15
Q

drugs that decrease PSNS signaling

A

parasympatholytics, cholinolytics, anticholinergics

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16
Q

bethanechol

A

direct-acting muscarininc agonist

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17
Q

bethanechol is resistant to

A

hydrolysis by AChE and very low nicotinic activity

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18
Q

bethanechol is used for the treatment of

A

non-obstructive GI hypomotility

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19
Q

irreversible covalent inhibitors

A

organophosphates

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20
Q

organophosphates form a stable bond that does NOT

A

hydrolyze spontaneously

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21
Q

pralidoxime (2-PAM)

A

can remove the drug from AChE if given soon after exposure to organophosphates

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22
Q

clinical use of anticholinesterases

A

glaucoma
myasthenia gravis

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23
Q

neostigmine

A

treats muscle weakness by increasing ACh at NMJ

24
Q

insecticide use of anticholinesterases (parathion, malathion)

A

inhibit insect AChE preferentially

25
Q

chemical warfare use of anticholinesterases

A

organophosphate nerve agents have extremely high potency

26
Q

SLUDGE syndrome happens early after

A

anticholinesterase exposure

27
Q

SLUDGE stands for

A

salivation
lacrimation
urination
defecation
GI upset
emesis

28
Q

autonomic antihcolinesterase effects

A

nicotonic receptors on autonomic ganglia = effects PSNS AND SNS
* Increased HR and blood pressure

29
Q

SLUDGE/DUMBBELLS highlight the symptoms of excess _ stimulation, also called _

A

cholinergic, cholinergic toxidrome

30
Q

side effectsof anticholinergic drugs

A
  • dry mouth
  • blurred vision
  • upset stomach
  • headache
  • constipation
  • dry eyes
  • dizziness
31
Q

sweating occurs due to the activation of _ receptors

A

muscarinic

32
Q

drugs that cause anticholinergic toxidrome

A

antihistamines
antidepressants (tricyclics)
antipsychotics
nightshade plants

33
Q

which drug would increase cholinergic signaling

A

neostigmine

34
Q

alpha-1 receptor function

A

increase Ca2+ release

35
Q

alpha-2 receptor function

A

inhibits NT release

36
Q

beta-1 function

A

increase HR

37
Q

beta-2 function

A

relaxation of smooth muscles along respiraotry tract

38
Q

beta-3 function

A

leads to lipolysis

39
Q

catecholamines

A

dopamine, NE, Ep

40
Q

NE is released from

A

sympathetic neurons

41
Q

Ep is released from

A

adrenal gland when SNS is activated

42
Q

all adrenergic (alpha and beta) receptors are

A

GPCR

43
Q

sympathomimetic

A

enhance signaling

44
Q

sympatholytic

A

decrease signaling

45
Q

which receptor causes vasoconstriction in most tissues

A

alpha-1

46
Q

which receptor causes vasodilation in skeletal muscle

A

beta-2

47
Q

which receptor increases HR and contractility

A

beta-1

48
Q

what receptor dilate/relax bronchial smooth muscle

A

beta-2

49
Q

which receptor causes mydriasis

A

alpha-2

50
Q

MAP =

A

CO x TPR

51
Q

CO =

A

HR x SV

52
Q

CO =

A

HR x SV

53
Q

a patient is given a vasodilator drug. what happens to HR

A

increased

54
Q

what happens to HR when given an alpha agonist

A

increase baroreceptor
increase parasympathetic
decrease sympathetic

55
Q

what happens to HR when given a vasodilator (histamine)

A

decrease baroreceptor
decrease parasymp
increase sympathetic

56
Q

which class of drugs is associated wiht hypoglycemia

A

beta blockers

Pharmacology Exam 1 (15 decks)

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