quiz on chapter 7 Flashcards
One difference between Pavlovian and instrumental conditioning is that in instrumental conditioning
a. aversive stimuli are used instead of appetitive stimuli.
b. appetitive stimuli are used instead of aversive stimuli.
c. the presentation of the US does not depend on the individual’s behavior.
d. the presentation of the US depends on the individual’s behavior.
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d. the presentation of the US depends on the individual’s behavior.
Pulling up the covers to get warm in bed is an example of
a. instrumental behavior.
b. classical conditioning.
c. differential inhibition.
d. a reinforcer.
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a. instrumental behavior.
A hungry rat learns to press a lever to obtain a food pellet. In this example, the lever press is
a. a reinforcer.
b. operant behavior.
c. a US.
d. instinctive.
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B. Operant behavior
A prominent figure involved in the development of our knowledge of operant conditioning is
a. Pavlov.
b. Descartes.
c. Aristotle.
d. Thorndike.
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d. Thorndike.
The puzzle box task was originally designed and used by
a. Pavlov.
b. Descartes.
c. Skinner.
d. Thorndike.
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d. Thorndike.
A straight-alley runway
a. uses a discrete trial method.
b. uses the free-operant method.
c. permits the assessment of response rates.
d. cannot be used to measure response latency.
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a. uses a discrete trial method.
. The.free-operant procedure was developed by
a. Pavlov.
b. Descartes.
c. Skinner.
d. Thorndike.
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c. Skinner
Free-operant methods are often preferred over discrete-trial procedures because
a. discrete-trial procedures require less experimenter intervention.
b. in a free operant procedure, the subject can only perform the response at certain times.
c. free-operant methods require less experimenter intervention.
d. in a discrete trial procedure, the subject does not have to wait between trials.
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c. free-operant methods require less experimenter intervention.
A rat is placed in a straight-alley runway and learns to rapidly traverse the alley to obtain a food reinforcer. This task
a. uses a discrete trials procedure.
b. uses a free-operant procedure.
c. does not involve operant conditioning because the rat does not have to do anything to obtain the reinforcer.
d. can be used to study the rate of responding.
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a. uses a discrete trials procedure
One advantage of using a free-operant procedure instead of a discrete trials procedure is that
a. response latencies can be measured.
b. shaping is not necessary.
c. no conditioning is necessary.
d. response rates can be measured.
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d. response rates can be measured.
The procedure where the subject is reinforced for successive approximations of the desired response is called
a. shaping.
b. secondary reinforcement.
c. a discrete-trials procedure.
d. trace conditioning.
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a. shaping
Shaping can also be defined as
a. classical conditioning.
b. blocking.
c. reinforcement of successive approximations.
d. punishment.
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c. reinforcement of successive approximations.
Which of the following means reinforcement of successive approximations?
a. latent inhibition.
b. shaping.
c. blocking.
d. punishment.
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b. shaping
A stimulus that is associated with a primary reinforcer is called a
a. marking stimulus.
b. shaper.
c. secondary reinforcer.
d. trace conditioner.
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c. secondary reinforcer.
The ineffectiveness of delayed reinforcement can be overcome by
a. presenting a marking stimulus just before the target instrumental response.
b. presenting a marking stimulus immediately after the target instrumental response.
c. presenting a secondary reinforcer before the target instrumental response.
d. presenting a larger reinforcer.
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b. presenting a marking stimulus immediately after the target instrumental response
