Quiz on Chapter 1

Question 0

Physiological changes in behavior such as fatigue can be distinguished from learning in terms of the\_\_\_\_\_.
A. Stimulus modality
B. Intensity of the behavioral change
C. Individual's intent
D. Duration of the behavioral change

Answer 0

D. Duration of the behavioral change

Question 1

Learning can be indexed by\_\_\_\_\_.
A. An increase in responding only
B. A decrease in responding only
C. An increase or a decrease in responding
D. Any observable change in behavior

Answer 1

C. An increase or a decrease in responding

Question 2

Drowsiness can be distinguished from learning in terms of the ______.

A. Stimulus modality
B. Intensity of the behavioral change
C. Individual’s Intent
D. Duration of the behavioral change

Answer 2

D. Duration of the behavioral change

Question 3

A change in behavior due to learning can be differentiated from a change in behavior due to motivation _____.

A. By the duration of the behavioral change
B. By the magnitude of the behavioral change
C. Because learning always produces an increase in the occurrence of a particular behavior
D. Because learning always involves a visible change in behavior

Answer 3

A. By the duration of the behavioral change

Question 4

Maturation rather than learning is responsible for which of the following?

A. A child plays the piano well after years of practice.
B. A young boy can ride a bicycle following lots of practice
C. A child becomes more skillful at lifting heavy objects as she grows older and stronger
D. A woman can bounce 100 times on a pogo stick after practicing for a week.

Answer 4

C. A child becomes more skillful at lifting heavy objects as she grows older and stronger.

Question 5

An important difference between learning and maturation is that maturation ____.
A. Is evidenced by a change in behavior
B. Lasts a long time
C. Does not require practice or experience specifically related to the skill that is being acquired
D. Occurs slowly

Answer 5

C. Does not require practice or experience specifically related to the skill that is being acquired

Question 6

Children become more skillful at lifting heavy objects as they grow older and stronger. This behavioral change is the result of _____.

A. Learning
B. Maturation
C. Evolution
D. Motivation

Answer 6

B. Maturation

Question 7

A girl practices piano every day and eventually becomes more skillful at piano playing. This behavioral change is the result of \_\_\_\_.
A. Learning
B. Maturation
C. Evolution 
D. Motivation

Answer 7

A. Learning

Question 8

An important difference between learning and maturation is that learning _____.

A. Is evidenced by a change in behavior
B. Only lasts a short time
C. Requires practice or experience specifically related to the change in behavior
D. Is specific to a particular situation

Answer 8

C. Requires practice or experience specifically related to the change in behavior

Question 9

Which of the following can result in a change in behavior?

A. Learning
B. Maturation
C. Fatigue
D. All of the above

Answer 9

D. All of the above

Question 10

An important difference between learning and maturation is that _____.

A. Maturation can produce a change in behavior in a wide variety of situations
B. Behavioral changes due to maturation tend to be specific to the practiced response
C. Maturation is never expressed as a behavioral change
D. Maturation is relatively permanent

Answer 10

A. Maturation can produce a change in behavior in a wide variety of situations

Question 11

Learning is sometimes “behaviorally silent”, suggesting that _____.

A. Changes in behavior are a result of learning
B. Behavior is regulated by the nervous system
C. Learning involves a change in the potential for eliciting a behavior
D. Learning is the result of nonverbal storage

Answer 11

C. Learning involves a change in the potential for eliciting a behavior

Question 12

Which of the following can be used as evidence that learning is sometimes “behaviorally silent”?

A. Children are poor drivers
B. Children are not allowed to have driver’s licenses
C. Children know how to use a car’s brake pedal even though they have never driven a car
D. Young children have not yet grown enough to reach a car’s brake pedal

Answer 12

C. Children know how to use a car’s brake pedal even though they have never driven a car

Question 13

Learning to associate cold with snow is an example of _____.

A. Maturation
B. The fundamental learning experiment
C. Stimulus-stimulus learning
D. A control condition

Answer 13

C. Stimulus-stimulus learning

Question 14

The learning of an association between stimuli or events in the environments rather than a particular response is called _____.

A. Extinction
B. A fundamental learning experiment
C. S-S learning
D. A control condition

Answer 14

C. S-S learning

Question 15

In the study of learning, performance is best defined as _____.

A. How well someone does something
B. The speed or accuracy of a response
C. The results of a standardized test
D. The things an individual does

Answer 15

D. The things an individual does

Question 16

If one were interested in studying learning at the intact organism level of investigation, _____.

A. Changes in neurotransmitter systems and neural circuitry would be measured
B. Observable behavior would be examined
C. Molecular changes in neurons would be examined
D. All of the above are correct

Answer 16

B. Observable behavior would be examined

Question 17

Learning is defined as ________ in the potential to engage in a particular behavior resulting from experience with environmental events _______ to the behavior.

A. Relatively short change; not necessarily related
B. Relatively short change; specifically related
C. Relatively enduring change; not necessarily related
D. Relatively enduring change; specifically related

Answer 17

D. Relatively enduring change; specifically related

Question 18

In order to infer the cause of a particular behavior, you must use _____.

A. Experimental observations
B. Naturalistic observations
C. Both naturalistic and experimental observations
D. Two or more experimental subjects

Answer 18

A. Experimental observations

Question 19

Naturalistic observations are favored over experimental observations when _____.

A. Control over environmental conditions is required
B. Animals born in the wild are being studied
C. The goal of the study is to determine the cause of a particular behavior
D. The goal of the study is to observe a behavior as it occurs under natural conditions

Answer 19

D. The goal of the study is to observe a behavior as it occurs under natural conditions

Question 20

Experimental observations are favored over naturalistic observations when _____.

A. Animals born in captivity are being studied
B. Animals born in the wild are being studied
C. The goal of the study is to determine the cause of a particular behavior
D. The goal of the study is to observe a behavior as it occurs under natural conditions

Answer 20

C. The goal of the study is to determine the cause of a particular behavior

Question 21

In ‘the fundamental learning experiment’, _______.

A. An experimental and a control condition are rarely used
B. Fundamental learning principles are held constant
C. The occurrence of learning is inferred from a comparison between two conditions
D. Naturalistic observations are used to observe behavior as it occurs under natural conditions

Answer 21

C. The occurrence of learning is inferred from a comparison between two conditions

Question 22

Single-subject learning experiments are problematic because

A. Results cannot be generalized to the general population
B. The expected behavior without training is not known
C. The expected behavior without training is highly resistant to change
D. Environmental conditions cannot be controlled

Answer 22

B. The expected behavior without training is not known

Question 23

Learning is often studied in nonhuman laboratory subjects because nonhuman subjects ______.

A. Are just as intelligent as humans
B. Are expendable
C. Show greater learning abilities than human subjects
D. Allow for better control of the prior learning experiences of the subject

Answer 23

D. Allow for better control of the prior learning experiences of the subject