Quiz on Chapter 4

Question 1

Which of the following statements is correct?

a. Habituation and sensitization are examples of associative learning
b. Classical conditioning involves the forming of an association between the unconditioned response and the conditioned response
c. Classical conditioning is an example of associative learning
d. Associative learning is a form of single-stimulus learning

Answer 1

c. Classical conditioning is an example of associative learning

Question 2

The significance of classical conditioning was first discovered ______.

a. using rats in lever-pressing experiments.
b. in experiments of salivary conditioning in dogs.
c. using pigeons in experiments studying a phenomenon later known as autoshaping
d. in experiments using air puffs to induce eye-blinks in rabbits.

Answer 2

b. in experiments of salivary conditioning in dogs.

Question 3

Following a number of pairings of a key light with food, pigeons begin to peck the key light. This is an example of ________.

a. instrumental conditioning
b. aversive conditioning
c. sign-tracking
d. long-term habituation

Answer 3

c. sign-tracking

Question 4

In an experiment conducted by Holland (1977), a tone was paired with the presentation of a food pellet to hungry rats. What was the outcome of the experiment?

a. The tone prevented the rats from eating the food pellet.
b. The tone failed to influence behavior.
c. Eventually, the rats chewed the speaker whenever the tone sounded.
d. Eventually, the tone elicited a sudden head-jerk response in the rats.

Answer 4

d. Eventually, the tone elicited a sudden head-jerk response in the rats.

Question 5

In an experiment conducted by Holland (1977), a light near the top of a chamber was repeatedly paired with food. Eventually, the rats began to orient toward the light and rear their hind legs. In this experiment, _____.

a. the light served as the conditioned stimulus and the rats’ rearing was the conditioned response.
b. the light served as the unconditioned stimulus and the rats’ rearing was the conditioned stimulus.
c. the light served as the conditioned stimulus and the rats’ rearing was the unconditioned response.
d. the light served as the unconditioned stimulus and the rats’ rearing was the unconditioned response

Answer 5

a. the light served as the conditioned stimulus and the rats’ rearing was the conditioned response.

Question 6

In a traditional eye blink conditioning experiment, the puff of air to the eye serves as the ______.

a. unconditioned stimulus
b. conditioned stimulus
c. unconditioned response
d. conditioned response

Answer 6

a. unconditioned stimulus

Question 7

In a traditional eye blink conditioning experiment, the light serves as the __________.

a. unconditioned stimulus
b. conditioned stimulus
c. unconditioned response
d. conditioned response

Answer 7

b. Conditioned stimulus

Question 8

Conditioned suppression is an example of ______.

a. autoshaping
b. appetitive conditioning
c. aversive conditioning
d. dishabituation

Answer 8

c. Aversive conditioning

Question 9

Conditioned suppression experiments are typically used to investigate ________.

a. aversive conditioning
b. appetitive conditioning
c. operant conditioning
d. spontaneous recovery

Answer 9

a. aversive conditioning

Question 10

In an experiment, rats receive a few pairings of a tone with a shock to the foot. After a few pairings, the tone elicits freezing behavior in the rat. Here, the tone is a ___.

a. CS
b. US
c. CR
d. UR

Answer 10

a. CS

Question 11

The conditioned response in conditioned eyeblink responding experiments involves _______.

a. the smooth musculature
b. skeletal muscles
c. a visceral response
d. a glandular response

Answer 11

b. skeletal muscles

Question 12

In eyeblink conditioning experiments, ________.

a. the CR usually resembles the UR
b. the CR usually does not resemble the UR
c. the US usually resembles the CR
d. no conditioning usually occurs

Answer 12

a. the CR usually resembles the UR

Question 13

In conditioned suppression experiments using a brief mild shock as the US, _______.

a. the CR usually resembles the UR
b. the CR usually does not resemble the UR
c. the US usually resembles the CR
d. no conditioning usually occurs

Answer 13

b. the CR usually does not resemble the UR

Question 14

The notion that a conditioned stimulus activates a neural representation of the unconditioned stimulus, which in turn leads to the conditioned response, _____.

a. is consistent with an S-R interpretation
b. is consistent with an S-S interpretation
c. is consistent with both the S-R and S-S interpretations
d. is inconsistent with both the S-R and S-S interpretations

Answer 14

b. is consistent with an S-S interpretation

Question 15

Experiments in unconditioned stimulus devaluation were popularized by ______.

a. Pavlov
b. Fanselow
c. Rescorla
d. Holland

Answer 15

c. Rescorla

Question 16

In an experiment conducted by Holloway and Domjan (1993), sexually motivated male quails received repeated pairings of a CS with access to a female bird. In a later test, the sexual motivation of one group of male birds was reduced, which resulted in a decrease in their conditioned responding.

a. This is consistent with an S-R learning interpretation.
b. This is consistent with an S-S learning interpretation.
c. This demonstrates that an association between the CS and US was not learned.
d. This demonstrates that an association between the CS and CR was learned

Answer 16

b. This is consistent with an S-S learning interpretation

Question 17

In an experiment, physiological sodium deficiency was induced in rats. This in turn led to increased responding to a CS that had become associated with salt. This experiment can be described as a _____ procedure.

a. US devaluation
b. CS devaluation
c. CS inflation
d. US inflation

Answer 17

d. US inflation

Question 18

Experiments in Pavlovian conditioning have shown that the strongest aversion learning occurs when which of the following pairs of stimuli are used?

a. electric shock; sweet liquid
b. electric shock; salty liquid
c. drug-induced nausea; tone
d. drug-induced nausea; salty liquid

Answer 18

d. drug-induced nausea; salty liquid

Question 19

Results of latent inhibition experiments show that _____.

a. CS pre-exposure speeds up the subsequent development of conditioned responding
b. CS pre-exposure retards the subsequent development of conditioned responding
c. CS pre-exposure has no effect on the subsequent development of conditioned responding
d. CS pre-exposure blocks all subsequent conditioned responding

Answer 19

b. CS pre-exposure retards the subsequent development of conditioned responding

Question 20

In a Pavlovian conditioning random control procedure, ______.

a. the CS and US are repeatedly presented but occur at random times in relation to each other.
b. random conditioned responses are recorded
c. random stimuli are used as conditioned stimuli
d. first the CS is presented, then a US is randomly chosen from several stimuli

Answer 20

a. the CS and US are repeatedly presented but occur at random times in relation to each other

Question 21

In experiments of Pavlovian conditioning, the best method available to control for sensitization effects is _________.

a. to include a US-alone condition
b. to include a CS-alone condition
c. to use a discrimination control procedure
d. to use a random control procedure

Answer 21

Discriminative control???

Question 22

In a discrimination control procedure, sensitization effects of CS or US presentations would ______.

a. increase responding to both the CS+ and the CS- equally
b. increase responding to the CS+ only
c. increase responding to the CS- only
d. increase responding to the CS+ and decrease responding to the CS-

Answer 22

a. increase responding to both the CS+ and the CS- equally

Question 23

Classical conditioning appears to be involved in the acquisition of _______.

a. human causal judgement
b. phobias
c. drug tolerance and addiction
d. All of the above are correct

Answer 23

d. All of the above are correct

Question 24

Which of the following is an example of classical conditioning?

a. Nursing mothers may experience the let-down reflex when their baby cries
b. Nursing mothers require more nourishment than non-nursing mothers
c. A newborn baby shows a suckling reflex the first time a breast is offered
d. All of the above are correct

Answer 24

pg62 a. Nursing mothers may experience the let-down reflex when their baby cries ???