Quiz IX

Question 0

Common Ancestry
(Dual Definition of Evolution)

Answer 0

All species of organisms are related through common ancestors and have descended from those older forms of life, starting with the first unicellular organisms 3.5 billion years ago.

Question 1

Dual Definition of evolution

Answer 1

Change and Common Ancestry

Question 2

Change

Dual definition of Evolution

Answer 2

All species of organisms change over

Change in gene (allele frequency

Question 3

Evolutionary Trees (aka phylogenetic trees)

Answer 3

Diagrams based on fossil and DNA evidence that show evolutionary relationships between groups of organisms

Question 4

Why species evolve

Answer 4

To adapt to CHANGING ENVIRONMENTS

(Or when they move into a different environment

Question 5

Changing environments

Answer 5

Mountains build and are eroded
Rivers change course
Volcanoes erupt
Lakes Dry Up
Plates Move
Sea levels rise and fall 
Climate changes

Question 6

A species environment consists of

Answer 6

Physical Factors - temp, amount of water, light, soil type etc.

Living Factors - predators, competitors, prey, plant food, parasites, etc.

Question 7

Mechanisms of evolution (how do populations change?)

Answer 7

Lamarck 1809
Believed organisms could acquire new traits by use or disuse of body parts and then pass on those traits to their offspring.

Question 8

Lamarck example

Answer 8

Giraffes evolved long legs and necks by constantly stretching them, then passing them down to their offspring.

Question 9

Why was Lamarck wrong?

Answer 9

1. Use/disuse of body parts doesn’t change the genes. The acquired trait wouldn’t be passed to the offspring.
2. Use/disuse of body parts would require animals and plants to consciously adjust to environmental change. Most can not do this.
3. No evidence or experiments support this hypothesis.

Question 10

What did Charles Darwin believe in?

Answer 10

Natural Selection
Genetic variation in same species
Organisms produce more off spring than can survive
Struggle for existence
Individuals suited to their environment survive
Traits of the fittest are passed on

Question 11

Organisms tend to produce More offspring than can survive

Answer 11

Lack of food, space, water, light, predation pressures, disease

Question 12

There is a struggle for existence.

Answer 12

Some individuals compete better due to their genetic differences.

Question 13

Individuals best suited to their environment

Answer 13

Survive and reproduce more often.

Question 14

The beneficial traits of the fittest

Answer 14

Passed on to the offspring and those traits will become more common in the population over time.

Question 15

Natural selection

Answer 15

Environment selects those traits that convey survival advantage.

Question 16

Artificial selection-

Answer 16

Humans modify a species by breeding it for curtain traits

Question 17

Sexual selection

Answer 17

When having certain traits increases mating success