Quiz IV COH

Question 1

the only hormone to reduce glucose levels

Answer 1

insulin

Question 2

increases blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis

known as fight or flight hormone

Answer 2

ephinephrine

Question 3

produced by the alpha cells of the islets of Langerhans

works to increase blood glucose levels by stimulating glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis

Answer 3

glucagon

Question 4

produced by anterior pituitary that increase glucose levels by inhibiting glucose uptake by the tissues and increasing glucose output by the liver

Answer 4

GH - growth hormone

ACTH - adrenocorticotropic hormone

Question 5

T3 and T4 increase blood glucose levels so pt with hyperthyroidism may appear to have symptoms of

Answer 5

mild diabetes

Question 6

normal range for plasma/serum glucose

Answer 6

80-100 mg/dL

Question 7

fasting blood glucose levels above 105 mg/dL

Answer 7

hyperglycemia

Question 8

fasting blood glucose levels below 70 mg/dL

Answer 8

hypoglycemia

Question 9

Define renal threshold

Answer 9

level of glucose in blood above which glucose will “spill over” into the urine and is equal to 160-180 mg/dL

Question 10

insulin dependent
autoimmune destruction of pancreas beta cells
referred as juvenile b/c it manifests in childhood

Answer 10

Type 1 diabetes

Question 11

noninsulin dependent
adult onset
too low of insulin levels to maintain blood glucose levels
most pt are obese

Answer 11

Type 2 diabetes

Question 12

a condition in which the body produces insulin but does not use it effectively; begins presiabetic state

Answer 12

insulin resistance

Question 13

HgbA1C >= to 6.5 %
fasting plasma glucose >= 126 mg/dL
two hour plasma glucose >= 200 mg/dL during OGTT
random plasma glucose >= 200 mg/dL
plus symptoms of diabetes

Answer 13

diagnostic criteria for diabetes mellitus

Question 14

normal fasting glucose levels

Answer 14

70-99 mg/dL

2hr OGTT <= 140 mg/dL

Question 15

impaired glucose metabolism

Answer 15

100-125 mg/dL

2hr OGTT 140-199 mg/dL

Question 16

provisional diabetes diagnosis levels

Answer 16

> = 126 mg/dL

2 hr OGTT >= 200 mg/dL

Question 17

rate per hour serum glucose levels are reduced by glycolytic enzymes at room temp

Answer 17

approx 7% per hour

Question 18

glucose + O2 + H2O (glucose dioxide) ->
glucanic acid + H2O2

H2O2 + reduced chromagen (peroxidas)-> oxidized chromagen + H2O

Answer 18

glucose oxidase reaction for glucose determination

Question 19

glucose + ATP (hexokinase)-> glucose-6-PO4 + ADP

glucose-6-PO4 + NADP (G-6PO)-> NADPH + 6-phosphogluconate

Answer 19

hexokinase reaction for glucose determination

Question 20

How long with a glycosylated hgb or hgbA1C test determine a patients compliance

Answer 20

over a period of 3 months

Question 21

HgbA1C makes up what % of hemoglobin

Answer 21

80%

Question 22

normal range for hgb A1C

Answer 22

3.0-6.0%

Question 23

basic process of performing a 3 hour glucose tolerance test

Answer 23

drawing a fasting glucose followed by the ingestion of 75 g of glucose in a liquid form within 5 minutes. Children receive1.75g/kg of body weight of glucose, up to 75g. after ingestion blood samples are taken 30, 60, 120, and 180 min intervals and tested for glucose

Question 24

activities pt should refrain from before GTT

Answer 24

exercise
drinking
eating
smoking

Question 25

Factors that can affect GTT

Answer 25

medications, salicylates
intestinal problems
GI surgery
vomiting

Question 26

GTT may be extended to 4 or 5 hours when this is suspected

Answer 26

hypoglycemia

Question 27

physicians often refer to hypoglycemia pt as

Answer 27

pre-diabetic

Question 28

what is used for pt that dont tolerate oral GTT well

Answer 28

IV GTT

Question 29

normal values for 2hr post prandial glucose test

Answer 29

<140 mg/dL

Question 30

tolbutamide tolerance test is used to distinguish between which two conditions

Answer 30

insulinomas

other hyperinsulinemic states

Question 31

two methods for ketone measurement

Answer 31

nitroprusside - sodium nitroprusside reacts with acetoacetic acid in an alkaline pH to form a purple color

enzymatic - utilizes 3-B-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase to detect 3-B-hydroxybutyric acid or acetoacetic acid, depending on pH of solution