Quiz I Acid/Base Balance

Question 1

The normal pH of blood

Answer 1

7.4 and slightly alkaline

Question 2

Range of normal blood pH

Answer 2

7.35-7.45

Question 3

Precautions that must be taken when collecting arterial blood gas:

Answer 3

don’t expose to air, anaerobic sample
well mixed to avoid toothpaste effect
use heparin syringe

Question 4

Form most CO2 is in in the presence of blood

Answer 4

bicarbonate

Question 5

Respiratory acidosis is an excess of ?

Answer 5

CO2; alkalosis is excess of pO2

Question 6

4 physiological buffers that act together to maintain pH

Answer 6

hemoglobin
plasma proteins
phosphate and phosphoric acid system
carbonic acid - bicarbonate system

Question 7

Common cause of respiratory alkalosis

Answer 7

hyperventilation

alkalosis is excess of pO2

Question 8

P50

Answer 8

the pO2 at 50% saturation of hemoglobin

Question 9

Most important extracellular buffer system

Answer 9

carbonic acid - bicarbonate system

Question 10

What is the purpose of the chloride shift?

Answer 10

chloride diffuses into the rbc from the plasma to maintain electroneutrality

Question 11

increased pO2
decreased pCO2
increased pH

Answer 11

caused by air bubbles

Question 12

3 main sites for ABG draw

Answer 12

radial artery
brachial artery
femoral artery

Question 13

4 forms of carbon dioxide that exist in the body

Answer 13

bicarbonate
carbonic acid
dissolved carbon dioxide
carbomino compounds

Question 14

In the respiratory system, oxygen is removed from ? in the tissues

Answer 14

oxyhemoglobin

Question 15

Once oxyhemoglobin is removed it allows for the acceptance of hydrogen ions to form ?

Answer 15

carboxyhemoglobin

Question 16

Carboxyhemoglobin recombines with bicarbonate to form ?

Answer 16

carbonic acid

Question 17

Carbonic acid breaks down to form ?

Answer 17

cardon dioxide and water

Question 18

Describe a shift to the right in the oxygen dissociation curve

Answer 18

increase of P50, deceases the affinity of hgb for oxygen and increases the delivery of oxygen to the tissues.

Question 19

Describe a shift to the left in the oxygen dissociation curve

Answer 19

decreases P50, increases the affinity of hgb for oxygen and decreases the delivery of oxygen to the tissues

Question 20

In the renal system, kidneys are able to help control ? in maintaining the acid/base balance

Answer 20

bicarbonate concentration

Question 21

Cause of metabolic alkalosis

Answer 21

excess of HCO3

Question 22

What is the Henderson-Hasslebach equation?

Answer 22

pH=pKa + log{base(bicarbonate)}/{acid(carbonic acid or CO2}}

Question 23

pKa of carbonic acid

Answer 23

6.1

Question 24

To maintain normal body pH what is the ratio of bicarbonate to carbonic acid when kidneys and lungs are functioning properly

Answer 24

20:1

Question 25

low pH; acidemia
high pCO2
excess CO2

Answer 25

respiratory acidosis

Question 26

low pH; acidemia

low HCO3

Answer 26

metabolic acidosis

Question 27

high pH; alkalemia
low pCO2
excess pO2
hyperventilation

Answer 27

respiratory alkalosis

Question 28

high pH; alkalemia

high HCO3

Answer 28

metabolic alkalosis