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MLT 130 Chemistry Quizes > Quiz II Electrolytes > Flashcards

Quiz II Electrolytes Flashcards

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1
Q

Define electrolyte

A

ions capable of carrying an electric charge

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2
Q

name two cations in the body

A

sodium

calcium

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3
Q

name two anions in the body

A

chloride

bicarbonate

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4
Q

Most abundant extracellular cation
maintains osmotic pressure
low levels produce edema(swelling)

A

sodium

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5
Q

When blood volume is low what two hormones help to maintain it

A

renin - angiotensinogenase

ADH - antidiuretic hormone

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6
Q

low sodium levels and 3 causes

A

hyponatremia
vomiting
burns
renal problems

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7
Q

high sodium levels and 3 causes

A

hypernatremia
diabetes insipidus
prolonged diarrhea
profuse sweating

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8
Q

normal range for sodium

A

136-145 mm/L

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9
Q

Major intracellular cation
regulates activity of neuromuscular junction and
cardiac muscle contraction

A

potassium

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10
Q

Controls amount of potassium available in circulation

A

Dietary intake

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11
Q

low levels of potassium

A

hypokalemia

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12
Q

high levels of potassium

A

hyperkalemia

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13
Q

normal range for potassium

A

3.5-5.0 mM/L

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14
Q

Major extracellular anion
maintain osmotic pressure
keeps body hydrated
maintains electroneutrality

A

Chloride

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15
Q

salt loss during renal disease
diabetic ketoacidosis
prolonged vomiting

A

causes of hypochloremia

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16
Q

dehydration
acute renal failure
prolonged diarrhea w/ loss of bicarbonate
aspirin intoxication

A

causes of hyperchloremia

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17
Q

normal range for chloride

A

90-109 mM/L

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18
Q

Second most abundant anion in extracellular fluid

A

bicarbonate

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19
Q

metabolic acidosis
renal failure
diarrhea

A

decreased levels of bicarbonate

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20
Q

respiratory acidosis
matobolic alkalosis after severe vomiting
hypokalemia
excess alkali intake

A

increased levels of bicarbonate

21
Q

3 methods of analysis for bicarbonate

A

ion specific electrode
spectrophotometric method
enzymatic method

22
Q

normal range for bicarbonate

A

22-28 mM/L

23
Q

Second most abundant intracellular cation

A

magnesium

24
Q

Most important application for testing magnesiums levels in blood

A

hypomagnesemia
can result in tetany
hemolyzed specimens are rejected

25
Q

Normal range fo rmagnesium

A

1.5-2.5 mEq/L

26
Q

required for blood coagulation
important in muscle contraction and
membrane permeability

A

Calcium

27
Q

Two fractions of calcium

A

free; 60% of total calcium

protein bound

28
Q

PTH - parathyroid hormone
calcitonin

antagonistic relationship

A

Regulate calcium

29
Q

Required for intestinal absorption of calcium

A

Vitamin D

30
Q

physiological active form of calcium

A

ionized calcium

31
Q

vitamin d deficiency

liver disease

A

causes of hypocalcemia

32
Q

vitamin d excess

multiple myeloma

A

causes of hypercalcemia

33
Q

normal range for calcium

A

8.5-10.5 mg%

34
Q

Major intracellular cation

levels inside rbc is 50 greater than in extracellular fluid

A

Phosphorus

35
Q

Phosphate in the serum is combined with ammonium molybdate to form phosphomolybdate. Phosphomolybdate is then reduced to molybdenum blue which is measured with spectrophotometry

A

Fiske and Subbarrow Method

36
Q

normal range for phosphorus

A

2.8-4.0 mg%

37
Q

concentration of iron in the plasma represents what % or total body iron?

A

0.1%

38
Q

found in oxyhemoglobin and reduced to hemoglobin

A

Ferrous, or iron II

39
Q

stored in ferritin and hemosiderin and is the form that attaches to transferring

A

ferric, or iron III

40
Q

TIBC is used to estimate what in the serum

A

transferrin levels

41
Q

Reacts with the chromagen to produce detectable color in iron methods

A

ferrous

42
Q

How is % iron saturation determined?

A

% saturation= serum Fe/TIBC x 100

43
Q

Normal range for iron

A

m 60-150 ug/dL

f 50-130 ug/dL

44
Q

Normal range for TIBC

A

250-450 ug/dL

45
Q

Normal range for % iron saturation

A

20-50%

46
Q

Formulas for anion gap and their ranges

A

NA - (Cl + HCO3) = 8-18 mmol/L

(Na+K) - (Cl+HCO3)= 12-20 mmol/L

47
Q

uremia
lactic acidosis
severe dehydration

A

increase anion gap

48
Q

instrument error
multiple myeloma
hypoalbuminemia

A

decrease anion gap

49
Q

If after repeat testing anion gap stays the dame what else can be checked as indicator of possible uremia or ketoacidosis

A

BUN and glucose; elevated is indicative of either

compare to pt history and delta check

MLT 130 Chemistry Quizes (4 decks)

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