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Biology 197 > Quiz Four > Flashcards

Quiz Four Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Plants use _________ for food. Therefore, they are ______trophs.

A

photosynthesis; autotrophs

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2
Q

Chlorophyll have _ and _ pigments.

A

“a” and “b”

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3
Q

cell wall

A

cellulose surrounding of plant that provides structure

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4
Q

cellulose

A

insoluble carbohydrate

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5
Q

Define alternation of generations

A

The life cycle of plants in which organisms have a diploid and haploid stage.

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6
Q

sporophyte

A

diploid body of plant

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7
Q

gametophyte

A

haploid body of plant

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8
Q

Sporophytes produce

A

spores

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9
Q

Spores develop into

A

the gametophyte

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10
Q

The gametophyte produce

A

gametes

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11
Q

The gametes fuse to produce

A

the sporophyte

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12
Q

Non-vascular plants belong to what phylum?

A

Phylum Bryophyta

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13
Q

Non-vascular plants include:

A
  1. ) mosses
  2. ) liverworts
  3. ) hornworts
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14
Q

Non-vascular plants must live

A

in moist habitats

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15
Q

The sperm cells of non-vascular plants move through _____ with _____.

A

Non-vascular plants move through moisture with flagella.

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16
Q

Bryophytes are the only plants in which the ______ is the dominant body form.

A

The gametophyte is the dominant form of bryophytes.

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17
Q

As plants get bigger, _______ get smaller.

A

Gametophytes get smaller as plants get bigger.

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18
Q

With bryophytes, what remains attached to the gametophytes even through maturity?

A

Sporophytes remain attached to bryophyte’s gametophytes.

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19
Q

Tracheophytes

A

Vascular plants

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20
Q

What phyla produce no seeds?

A
  1. ) Psilophyta (whisk ferns)
  2. ) Lycophyta (club moss)
  3. ) Sphenophyta (horsetails)
  4. ) Pterophyta (ferns)

Psi Ly Sphe Ptero

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21
Q

What phyla produce exposed seeds?

A
  1. ) Cycadophyta (sago palm, Zamia)
  2. ) Ginkgophyta (ginkgo tree)
  3. ) Coniferophyta (conifers)

Cyca Gink Conifer

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22
Q

What clades produce enclosed seeds?

A
  1. ) Monocots (orchids, palms, lilies, grasses, rye, corn, rice, wheat)
  2. ) Eudicots (daises, tulips, flowering shrubs, trees, water lilies, cacti)
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23
Q

Monocots are easily remembered as

A

grain crops

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24
Q

Eudicots are easily remembered as

A

fruits

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25
Q

fronds

A

above ground portion of ferns

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26
Q

stripe

A

stalk

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27
Q

pinnae

A

photosynthetic “leaves”

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28
Q

fiddlehead

A

unfurled frond

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29
Q

What might you find underneath the fronds of a fern?

A

spores

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30
Q

antheridia

A

male, resembles a ball with an opening to release said ball

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31
Q

archegonium

A

female, represents a catcher/pincher receptacle

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32
Q

Mitosis in ferns creates

A

the gametes

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33
Q

Meiosis in ferns creates

A

the sporophytes

34
Q

The gametes in ferns basically include

A

the egg and sperm

35
Q

Fern sporophytes spits out spores that divide to create

A

the gametophytes

36
Q

gymnosperms

A

land plants

37
Q

Qualities of gymnosperms not seen in non-vascular plants or angiosperms:

A
  1. ) vascular tissue

2. ) “naked seeds”/lack of ovaries

38
Q

http://www.conifers.org/cy/i/cy-ta01.gif

What is this a drawing of?

A

cycad (italicize)

39
Q

http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/ginkgo_male.jpg

What is this a drawing of?

A

Ginkgo bilboa (italicize)

40
Q

http://calphotos.berkeley.edu/imgs/512x768/5208_1611/2417/0098.jpeg

What is this a drawing of?

A

Ephedra nevadenis (italicize)

41
Q

Phylum Coniferophyta is known most for the production of

A

cones

42
Q

Cones are formally referred to as

A

strobili

43
Q

microstrobili

A

male cones

44
Q

megastrobili

A

female cones

45
Q

Microstrobili is responsible for

A

producing pollen

46
Q

Megastrobili is responsible for

A

the egg

47
Q

https://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/82/flashcards/1127082/jpg/2012-02-23_13-58-23_4361330372143447.jpg

Which is the micro and megastrobili? Why?

A
  1. ) left: microstrobili (smaller, closed)

2. ) right: megastrobili (bigger, open)

48
Q

Angiosperm means

A

“covered seed”

49
Q

After fertilization, angiosperms surround the seed with

A

fruit

50
Q

How many sperm are used for fertilization?

A

Two: one for the egg, the other for the other cells that become nutrition

51
Q

How do animals help the reproduction of angiosperms?

A
  1. ) carrying pollen with the attraction of nectar

2. ) fertilizing seeds by eating fruit and excreting seeds

52
Q

sepal

A

tough, green outer covering that protects buds

53
Q

petals

A

colorful modified leaves that attract polinators

54
Q

stamen

A

male reproductive structures that consist of anther and filament

55
Q

anther

A

site of meiosis that produce microspores

56
Q

pollen grains

A

microspores develop inside pollen grains to become male gametophyte that then produces sperm cells

57
Q

filament

A

stalk that lifts anthers up above other structures to catch pollen

58
Q

pistil

A

female reproductive structures consisting of ovary, ovules, style, and stgima

59
Q

ovary

A

houses the ovule, which, if fertilized, will trigger the wall of the ovary to enlarge and transform into fruit

60
Q

ovule

A

located inside the ovary, where meiosis produces megaspores.

61
Q

The megaspores develop into the female gametophyte, consisting of ______ cells.

A

seven, including one egg cell and one central cell

62
Q

central cell

A

fertilized by second sperm to develop into the endosperm

63
Q

endosperm

A

provides nourishment to the germinating seed and seedling until it is capable of producing its own food

64
Q

double fertilization

A

two sperm, one egg

65
Q

seed

A

the matured ovule with embryo and endosperm

66
Q

stigma

A

widened platform with sticky surface designed to collect pollen

67
Q

style

A

long neck between stigma and ovary that lifts the stigma up out of the flower where it can come into contact with pollen; generates a tube when in contact with pollen

68
Q

The sperm travels through the _____

A

style

69
Q

http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/Resources/Systematics/Magnoliophyta/Magnoliopsida/Myrtales/Lythraceae/Lythrum/L%20salicaria/Dissected%20flower%20RT.jpg

A

What are the parts of this flower?

70
Q

When the ovary becomes a container for seeds, it is called:

A

fruit

71
Q

Fleshy fruits

A
  1. ) bulk of fruit is thickened and fleshy

2. ) includes berries

72
Q

Dry fruits

A
  1. ) lack fleshy wall

2. ) include dehiscent and indehiscent fruit

73
Q

dehiscent fruits

A
  1. ) split open when ripe

2. ) include peas, beans, peanuts

74
Q

indehiscent fruits

A
  1. ) do not split when ripe

2. ) include samara

75
Q

Aggregate fruits

A
  1. ) fruit formed from the joining of several ovaries of the same flower
  2. ) include strawberries and raspberries
76
Q

seed coat

A

tough outer layer of seed

77
Q

endosperm

A

starchy majority inside seed

78
Q

embryo

A
  1. ) resembles a tiny plant

2. ) located on one side of seed

79
Q

plumule

A

tiny leaf of embryo

80
Q

epicotyl

A

upper stem of embryo

81
Q

radicle

A

part of embryo that will become root

82
Q

https://ap-bio-chs-plants.wikispaces.com/file/view/SEED.jpg/140587373/SEED.jpg

What are the parts of the seeds?

A

They’re on the card!

Biology 197 (8 decks)

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