Quiz for major minerals Flashcards
excitation of neurons and all types of muscle clotting factors, II, V, IX, and X on EXTRACELLULAR activation
Calcium
Major structural component of bone
Calcium
Key role in excitation -contraction coupling and synaptic transmission
Calcium
What is Calcium deficiency pathology
Rickets, osteoporosis
Calcium toxicity
Constipation, kidney stones, not from food, but renal or fluid balance disorders
Calcium needs changes
Peak bone mass development and osteoporosis protection
Major component of bone important in acid-base balance (buffer)
Phosphorus
Important constituent of DNA< RNA, phospholipids, energy carrying compound, some proteins
Phosphorus
Most prevalent anion INSIDE the cell
Phosphorus
Which minerals mostly found in bone
Calcium, Phosphorus, magnesium
Phosphorus toxicity
Rare, calcification of soft tissues, it is found as part of phytic acid,
Phytic acid binds and removes
Calcium, iron, zinc and magnesium
what is mineral similar to vitamin B used in enzyme
Magnesium
Essential for release of energy from energy-yielding nutrients, cofactor in energy metabolism
Magnesium
Aids in relaxation of muscles during excitation-contraction coupling
Magnesium
Contraction of Excitation -contraction coupling
Relaxation
Calcium
Magnesium
Regulates balance of fluid between the inside and outside cells
Sodium
Instrumental in electrical excitation including action potential generation, muscle contraction
Sodium
Acid base balance
Sodium and phosphorus
Most positively charged cation OUTSIDE cells
Sodium
Sodium deficiency pathology
Hyponatremia due to fluid imbalance (extremes of dehydration or fluid resuscitation, excessive water intake)
Toxicity of sodium
edema, high blood pressure,
What will help decrease sodium
Potassium, calcium and magnesium help transport excess sodium out of the body via kidneys
Main Cation WITHIN cells
Potassium
Fluid balance and electrical events like sodium
Potassium
Potassium overdose
just vomited. can cause heart problem with supplements
What tastes like sodium
Potassium chloride - substitution
Depolarization phase of action potential
Repolarization of action potential
Sodium
Potassium
Mediating electrical signal in the cell
sodium, potassium, chloride
Major negative ion (anion) in extracellular fluid
in inside cell
extracellular: Chloride
inside cellPhosphorus
Most positively charged cation outside cell
inside cell
Outside: Sodium
Inside: Potassium
Where Chloride found
Table salt
Chloride deficiency and toxicty
Renal abnormalities, not food
Found in two amino acids
Sulphur (cysteine, methionine), any proteins
