Nutrition introduction

Question 0

Nutrition advice sources

Answer 0

Scientific publications in peer reviewed journals
Publications based on opinions and theories, but without scientific testing
Media
Cultural beliefs towards food

Question 1

what is nutrition

Answer 1

Metabolic fuel (energy)
The building blocks that allows us to build and rebuild the tissue of our body
Fluid and electrolytes that maintain water balance inside and outside cells

Question 2

Macronutrients

Answer 2

Include carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids
Eaten in large amounts and can be metabolized by cells for energy production
Organic molecules that provide the basic building blocks from which all tissues are made
Are consumed in tens or hundreds of grams each day

Question 3

Micronutrients

Answer 3

Vitamins and Minerals

Are consumed in microgram (ug) or milligram (mg) quantities

Question 4

Vitamins

Answer 4

Organic molecules that are not used for energy production, but are essential for life

Question 5

Minerals

Answer 5

Essential inorganic molecules

Question 6

Organic molecules

Answer 6

Composed mostly Carbon and hydrogen, with variable amounts of oxygen, nitrogen and a few other elements

Question 7

Dietary Reference intake (DRI)

Answer 7

Scientific committees working in Canada and the U.S. have defined a set of value for

• adequate levels of nutrient
• toxic or potentially toxic level of a nutrient

Committees: US: National Academy of Sciences, Food and Nutrition Board
Canada: Health Canada

Question 8

DRI defined

Answer 8

Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA)

Tolerable Upper Intake levels (UL)

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges

Question 9

RDA

Answer 9

Recommended Dietary Allowance
Daily intakes of micronutrients and some macronutrients based on good experimental evidence
RDA is set to meet the nutrient requirements of 97% of the healthy population

Question 10

UL

Answer 10

Tolerable Upper intake levels (UL)

Levels at which daily consumption will be potentially hazardous

Question 11

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

Answer 11

The proportion of calories a macronutrient should provide

Question 12

AI

Answer 12

Adequate Intake

When sufficient evidence does not exist to establish an RDA, the committee has established an Adequate Intake (AI)

Question 13

Canada Food guide Role

Answer 13

Provides basic guidelines for diet that should meet the RDA values for all macro-and micronutrients
Also suggests limiting certain dietary components to reduce risk of chronic illness

Question 14

Canada Food guide two basic components

Answer 14

Food groups - foods placed in groups that provide a similar “nutrient profile”
Servings - the amount of food that should be consumed daily from each food group is suggested

Question 15

Canada Food guide what are the four major food groups?

Answer 15

Vegetables and fruit
Grain products
Milk and Alernatives
Meat and Alternatives

Question 16

Canada Food guide How many servings should one consume each day in each group?
Adult 19-50 female and male

Answer 16

Vegetable and Fruits 7-8:8-10
Grain products 6-7: 8
Milk and alternatives 2:2
Meat and alternatives 2:3

Question 17

Adults 51+ females and males

Answer 17

Vegetables and fruits 7:7
Grain products 6:7
Milk and alternatives 3:3
Meat and alternatives 2:3

Question 18

Teens

Answer 18

Vegetable and fruits 7: 8
Grain products 6:7
Milk and alternatives 3-4:3-4
Meat and alternatives 2:3

Question 19

Nutrition Fact table

Answer 19

Serving size
Food energy
Amount of macronutrients
Include fibre, trans fats and saturated fats
Amount of sodium and potassium
% of Daily value of micronutrients

Question 20

Daily value

Answer 20

The amount of a nutrient in a serving of food is expressed as a proportion of the average Recommended Dietary allowance of that nutrient

Question 21

Which nutrients have particular significance regarding chronic disease

Answer 21

Trans and saturated fats, sodium, potassium, and fibre