Quiz Chapter 8.1-8.2

Question 1

smooth muscles

Answer 1

Control internal organs (involuntary)

Question 2

striated muscles

Answer 2

Control body movements (voluntary)

Question 3

cardiac muscles

Answer 3

Found in the heart
Not controlled by nervous system
Properties of both skeletal and smooth muscles

Question 4

fast-twitch

Answer 4

fibers produce fast contractions but fatigue rapidly.

Anaerobic.

Question 5

slow-twitch

Answer 5

fibers produce less vigorous contraction without fatiguing

Aerobic

Question 6

antagonistic muscles

Answer 6

opposing sets of muscles that alternate in contractions for movement

Question 7

Proprioceptors

Answer 7

receptors that detect the position or movement of a part of the body and help regulate movement

Question 8

stretch reflex

Answer 8

occurs when muscle proprioceptors detect the stretch and tension of a muscle and send messages to the spinal cord to contract it.

Question 9

muscle spindle

Answer 9

proprioceptor parallel to, and in, the muscle that responds to a stretch by contracting surrounding muscles

Question 10

Golgi tendon organ

Answer 10

proprioceptor that responds to increase in muscle tension, avoiding excessively strong contractions.

Question 11

reflexes

Answer 11

consistent automatic responses to stimuli

Question 12

Allied reflexes

Answer 12

Reflexes that tend to elicit other reflexes (stronger in children than adults)

Question 13

ballistic movements

Answer 13

Movements executed as a whole; once started-cannot stop

Question 14

central pattern generators

Answer 14

produce motor programs- complex or periodic movements, either learned or built-in

Question 15

Primary Motor Cortex

Answer 15

elicits movements

Question 16

Posterior Parietal Cortex

Answer 16

keeps track of the position of the body relative to the world

Question 17

readiness potential

Answer 17

type of activity in the motor cortex that occurs before any type of voluntary movement. 500ms before movement.

Question 18

Lateral corticospinal tract

Answer 18

Contralateral. axons from the primary motor cortex, surrounding areas, and the red nucleus (a midbrain area with output mainly to the arm muscles) to the spinal cord

Question 19

medial corticospinal tract

Answer 19

Ipsilateral. axons from many parts of the cortex, the reticular formation, midbrain tectum and vestibular nucleus (brain area that receives information from the vestibular system- equilibrium)

Question 20

cerebellum

Answer 20

structure in the brain often associated with balance and coordination.

Question 21

Damage to the cerebellum

Answer 21

trouble with rapid movement requiring aim and timing.

Question 22

cerebellar cortex

Answer 22

surface of the cerebellum.

Question 23

Purkinje cells

Answer 23

flat parallel cells in sequential planes

Question 24

Parallel fibers

Answer 24

axons parallel to one another and perpendicular to the planes of Purkinje cells.