Quiz 9 (personality) Flashcards
habitus according to St. Thomas
A disposition that empowers a person to accomplish some goal.
needed to acquire knowledge. beyond just shallow memorizing facts.
Critique of article on measurement in psych
Modern psychologists have taken S.S. Stevens’ view and now struggle with preseumptions about interval/ratio scaled measurements.
Article on the TRIM scale and averaging and stuff
“I have a lot of height” 1 to 5 means nothing.
And averaging the scores only makes sense if the units measure the attribute.
Hall and Lindzey’s ‘Theories of Personality’ defined personality as what?
There are many theories, and we each have to adopt one as our own.
A ‘trait’ is dependent on both _____ and _____
context and the behavior itself
What is ‘relatively’ in “relatively enduring”?
What does it describe?
Part of trait’s definition.
Relatively means dependent on situations.
Instead of characteristics that an individual has, personality types are more like _____ of people
descriptions
Personality in cross-species research
Explored environmental effects on personality by researching dogs.
Why assess personality?
clinical, corporate; behavior.
Self-report methods explore one’s
self-concept; thoughts/views of oneself
self-concept differntiation
degree of different self-concept in different roles. (related to coherence in sense of self?)
concerns with self-report measures
might fake-good or fake-bad. or inability to answer honestly
error of central tendency
leniency error
severity error
generosity error
These are biases in what?
tend to rate everyone near midpoint
leniency = generosity (favorably generous)
severity = harsh judgements
Biases in rating others.
Parent rates child as hyperactive. Teacher rates as normal.
Who is right?
Can both be right.
Response style
A tendency to respond to a test item or question in the same way regardless of the content
Acquiescent
A type of response style
More likely to say yes/true than no/false
impression management
attempt to manipulate others’ impressions by selectively exposing some info
validity scale in personality assessment
How honestly the testtaker responded and whether responses have some kind of bias
Scope of an assessment
Wide or narrow.
is MMPI theoretical?
no, it’s atheoretical
One advantage of atheoretical tools for personality assessment
Can impose own theoretical preferences to interpret findings
structured interview
Follows guide and little choice in posing questions
graphology
handwriting analysis
Frame of reference
Aspects of focus of exploration (eg. time frame).
time, place, people, etc.
usually is how i am right now. but can be how i ideally am.
Q-sort technique
Task: soft a gorup of statements from most to least descriptive.
used in clinical and other purposes.
sentence completion format
finish the rest of sentence stem.
a way of assessing personality.
What ways are things scored?
Many ways.
Some are easy sums, some are computer manipulations of data, some need highly trained review of transcripts.
Nomothetic approach vs. Idiographic approach in personality
give exmaples
Nomothetic: a few traits apply to ALL people. differ in degree (eg. big 5)
Idiographic: focuses on what makes up the individual. does not care about where they fall on continuum
ipsative approach
compares individuals intraindividually (strength of traits compared to self)
social desirability (SD) scales
validity scales. MMPI has.
content-orented approach to test development
uses logic/reason in developing test items.
which is most common tool to do test development?
theory.
