Quiz 9/30 Flashcards

0
Q

HSV type one, HSV type 2, CMV, varicella zoster, Epstein Barr virus

A

Oral herpes, genital herpes, activates when immune system is down (, shingle, mono

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1
Q

Disease that respond to antiviral meds

A

Influenza A and some respiratory viruses, herpes virus, cytomegalovirus, Ebstein-Barr, varicella zoster, HIV AIDS, hepatitis B

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2
Q

Drugs used to treat herpes

A

Systemic: acyclovir, famciclovir, ganciclovir, and valacyclovir
Topical: docosanol

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3
Q

Acyclovir

A

Suppresses HSV 1 and 2, IV PO or topical, adverse effects IV: nephrotoxicity and neurotoxicity, valacyclovir is the prodrug

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4
Q

Ganciclovir

A

Treat CMV, given prophylactically (organ transplant pts), toxicity is bone marrow suppression, adverse effects: GI effects headache parenthesis neuropathy, can be toxic to kidneys, avoid in pregnancy and location

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5
Q

Antiviral medications and the flu

A

Prevention and decreases severity of the flu

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6
Q

Drugs used for influenza

A

Amantadine, oseltmavir, ribavirin(category x), rimantidine, zanamivir (inhaled)

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7
Q

Amantadine

A

Adverse effects: CNS effects like insomnia dizziness and confusion, excreted by kidneys, avoid alcohol, also used to treat Parkinson’s, ramantidine has a longer half life

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8
Q

Oseltmavir

A

Active against influenza A and B, must be started within 48 hrs of symptoms, can shorten duration of illness, should not be used within two weeks of live attenuated vaccine, side effects: n/v and diarrhea

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10
Q

Adverse effects and contraindications of systemic antifungals

A

Hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, bone marrow suppression, rash GI distress, phlebitis

Pregnancy, lactation, hepatic dysfunction or failure, bone marrow suppression, prolonged QT interval

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11
Q

oral candidiasis is also called

A

thrush

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12
Q

Amphotericin B

A

given IV topical or oral, adverse effects: fever chills vomiting headache phlebitis ototoxicity nephrotoxicity hypokalemia hypomagnesaemia, need to pretreat to prevent adverse effects, used for systemic fungal infection

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13
Q

fluconazole

A

inhibits cell replication, can cause increase AST and ALT, interacts with many drugs due to hepatic enzyme metabolism but also hypoglycemic agents

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14
Q

onochomycosis

A

toe or nail fungus, treated with terbinafine itraconazole fluconazole

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15
Q

grizeofulvin

A

prevents reproduction of fungi, 2-4 week treatment, avoid during pregnancy, can cause neutropenia

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16
Q

terbinafine

A

used topically to treat superficial infections, used orally to treat fungal infections of nails

17
Q

nursing considerations when giving antifungals

A

baseline blood counts, baseline liver and renal function tests
Premedicate monitor VS during infusion and monitor for adverse reactions when giving amphotericin B

18
Q

Metronidazole

A

antiprotozoal, used for dysentery venereal disease peritonitis bacterial septicemia H. pylori, given PO IV and topical, monitor liver document stools take with meals avoid alcohol inform client of dark red/brown urine

19
Q

cephalosporins

A

inhibit cell wall synthesis, if allergy to penicillin may have cross sensitivity, five generations (3 and 4 can cross the BBB), adverse effect: rash diarrhea edema abdominal cramps

20
Q

first gen cephalosporins

A

good gram positive coverage, parenteral or oral, Ex. Cefazolin and Cephalexin

21
Q

second gen cephalosporins

A

good gram positive coverage, better gram negative coverage than 1st, Ex. cefaclor

22
Q

third gen cephalosporins

A

most potent against gram positive, ex. ceftriaxone, given IM and IV long half life

23
Q

forth gen cephalosporins

A

broader spectrum, UTI, Ex. cefepime, IM or IV

24
Q

fifth gen cephalosporins

A

broader spectrum, effective against MRSA, ex. ceftaroline

25
Q

carbapenems

A

broad spectrum some strains of MRSA, reserved for complicated infections, may cause seizures or Gi toxicity, given parenterally, Ex. imipenem/ cilastatin, meropenem, ertapenem

26
Q

monobactam

A

ex. aztreonam, synthetic beta-lactam antibiotic, active against aerobic gram negative, bactericidal, parenteral use only, used for UTI and severe systemic infections

27
Q

Vancomycin

A

PO or IV, treatment against MRSA, peak and trough levels, pregnancy category B for PO and C for injection, can cause red man syndrome ototoxicity nephrotoxicity

28
Q

Macrolides

A

Affect bacterial protein synthesis, bacteriostatic, Ex. Erythromycin azithromycin clarithromycin, used for strep infections URI LRI spirochetal infections gonorrhea
Adverse effects: n/v diarrhea hepatotoxicity jaundice anorexia

29
Q

Ketolide

A

Affect bacterial protein synthesis
ex. ketolide: only drug in this class, better coverage than macrolides active against gram positive bacteria, associated with severe liver disease