Quiz 1 Flashcards
Controlled substances
Controlled substances- also called scheduled drugs; any drug listed on one of the “schedules” of the Controlled Substance Act
Drug polymorphism
a patient’s age, gender, size, and/or body composition that causes a varied response to a drug
Ethnopharmacology
study of the effect of ethnicity on drug responses such as drug absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion; also includes the study of genetic variations to drugs
Legend Drugs
name for prescription drugs
Over-the-counter (OTC) drugs
drugs available without a prescription
Herbal medicine
using herbs for healing
Herb
plant components such as bark, roots, leaves, seeds, flowers, fruit trees, and extract used for medicinal qualities
Iatrogenic effects
adverse unintentional effects that are caused by the actions of the prescriber, by a specific treatment or other healthcare professionals
Phygochemicals
active pharmacological ingredient in herbal remedies
Schedule I
has high abuse potential, no medical use, and severe physical and psychological dependency potential.
Schedule II
has high abuse potential, is accepted for medical use, and severe physical and psychological dependency potential.
Schedule III
has less abuse potential less than C-II, is accepted for medical use, and moderate physical or high psychological dependency potential.
Schedule IV
has less abuse potential than C-III, is accepted for medical use, and limited physical or psychological dependency potential.
Schedule V
has less abuse potential than C-IV, is accepted for medical use, and limited physical or psychological dependency potential.
Schedule I dispensing restrictions
are only with approved protocol and an example is heroin or marijuana.
Schedule II dispensing restrictions
are with written prescription only with no refills and must have a warning label, an example is cocaine or codeine.
Schedule III dispensing restrictions
are with written or oral prescription that expires in 6 months with no more than 5 refills in 6 months and must have a warning label, an example is hydrocodone.
Schedule IV dispensing restrictions
are with written or oral prescription that expires in 6 months with no more than 5 refills in 6 months and must have a warning label, an example is phenobarbital.
Schedule V
is with prescription or over the counter (can vary with state law), an example is cough medicine.
What does the FDA require on the label of OTC medications (“drug facts”)
the purposes and uses of the product, specific warnings such as when the product should not be used, when to consult a doctor, the side effects, substances or activities to avoid, dosage instructions, active and inactive ingredients, and storage information
List the criteria for over the counter status
The consumer must be easily able to diagnose the condition, monitor the effectiveness and the benefits must outweigh the risks. The drug must have favorable adverse event profile, limited interaction with other drugs, low potential for abuse, and high therapeutic index. The drug must also be easy to use.
Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of OTC drugs versus prescription drugs.
Over the counter drugs can give patients a quicker response to the onset of illness since they don’t require a prescription. Other advantages are that they cover a wide variety of issues and illness. Disadvantages are that there is not any monitoring by a medical professional and they may not have a correct diagnosis. It also can delay care for more major illnesses.
What patient education is essential as it relates to OTC medications
Patients need to know how to correctly read labels on the medicines. They also need to know what medications can interfere with each other and how it can affect any chronic illnesses they already have.
Are herbs and dietary supplements regulated to the same standards as OTC and legend drugs?
They are not regulated the same because the FDA has little oversight over dietary supplements. They are required to put a warning label of liver toxicity.
Pharmacodynamics
What drug does to the body, the therapy the response
Pharmacokinetics
What the body does to the drug, example half life and protein binding
after cell injury brief _____ occurs then _____ immediately follows
vasoconstriction, vasodilation
vasodilation chemical mediators
endothelial cells retract, increase capillary permeability, and movement of fluid from capillaries into tissue (increased protein)
