Quiz 9 (12 + 7) Flashcards
trace min
less than 100mg/ day
heme iron
most abundant
animals sources
ex. shellfish, beef, poultry, organ meets
absorb 10%
nonheme iron
converted to ferrous +2 form from plants absorb 2-3% 85% dietary Fe ex. green leafy veg, mushrooms, legumes, enriched grains
nonheme iron bioaval
enhance
Vitam C, stomach acid, meat factor
inhibit
binders
phytates (plant based foods, grains)
polyphenols (spinach, tea, coffee)
iron deficiency (molecular)
inc. production transport proteins
dec. ferritin production
excessive iron
dec productino transport protein
iron in hemoglobin
2/3 total body iron
4 protein units, 4 iron heme groups
myoglobin
in muscles
heme iron
single heme grp w/ protein subunit
releases o2 to cells for ATP production/ muscle contraction
iron deficiency (in population)
common in infants, pregant women, menstrating women, teenagers, growing children
pica (geophagia)
eating nonfood substances
dirt and clay
mild fe defic symptoms
tired, cold, mental performance dec
fe defic in pregnancy
premature delivery, low birth w, maternal mortality
serve iron defic
hypochoromic anemia (pale) small, pale rbc not produce heme dec. o2 carry ability dec energy
detecting severe iron def
hemoglob conc
men < 13 g
women <12 g
hematocrit (% red c vol)
men <39
women< 36
iron toxicity
supplemental iron
symptoms- vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, black stool
hemacromatosis
iron deposits in liver, heart, muscles
cause- cardiovas dis and death
Fe into blood not regul.
RDA
men- 8mg women- 18 pregn- 27 UL- 45 vegans *1.8 around 30 80% higher can use B12 supp
athlete RDA
70 percent higher
zinc sources
red meat, eggs, dairy prod, whole grains
zince animals better than zine plants
zinc phytates
inhibit plant absorption of zn
zinc absorption regulated
transport proteins metallothionein bind zinc in mucosal cell high zinc= inc metallo zinc absorp limited
zinc fun
enzyme act (enzyme superoxide dismutase, DNA, RNA) carbohy meta acid-base balance GENE expression tissue growth/ repair dev sex organs/ bone immune function
zinc def symptoms
poor growth, delayed sex maturation, skin changes, hair loss, skel abnormal, depressed immunity