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nutrition > Quiz 4 (6+9) > Flashcards

Quiz 4 (6+9) Flashcards

1
Q

general vitam. fun

A

cell grwth, maturation, reproduction, gene regul.

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2
Q

supp. based sources can cause

A

vitamin toxicity

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3
Q

vitam. D

A 
changed RDA
     600 IU/ day or 15microg
*get from sun
ex. salmon, fish, egg, margarine, cheese, milk
        none reach 600 mark
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4
Q

vitamin D -conditionally ess. nutr

A

certain circum. not ess.
bc of exposure sunlight
if no sunlight- need from food

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5
Q

influ. vitam. d synth.

A 
location (farther frm equator, harder aquire)
darker skin
weather, day length
windows
clothing, sunscreen
age-related changes
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6
Q

protein composition

A 
has N
cannot use for energy until get rid N
     "deamination"
          produce amonia 
                 liver converts to urea
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7
Q

9 essen, amino acids

A

conditionally ess.

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8
Q

complete protein

A

have all 9 ess . aa
animal products
fish, meat, chicken, dairy

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9
Q

incomplete protein

A

plant based protein
not have all 9
if combine wide variety can compile be complete

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10
Q

nitrogen balance

A

determines protein status overall
by measurement of urea
N in = N out

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11
Q

protein recc.

A

.8 grams/ kilog
10-35% energy fm protein
2g/kil TOO HIGH
1.6 for sports best!!

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12
Q

high protein diet concerns

A

extra stress on kidney process urea
need lots hydration
can pull Ca from bones

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13
Q

kwashiorkor

A

swollen belly
is consuming adequ. cal (fm carbs) ENERGY

can be from weaning too early

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14
Q

marasmus

A

wasting of muscles
starvation
inadeq protein and nutrition

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15
Q

american diet consumption of protein

A

overconsume

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16
Q

developing countries protein

A

plant based

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17
Q

animal protein

A

high iron, zinc, Ca

high sat. fat

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18
Q

plant protein

A

rich fiber

mono+polyunsat fat

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19
Q

amino acid composition

A

carbon w/ hydrogen
nitrogen grp
acid grp
unique side chain

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20
Q

protein composition

A

aa chains
folded
shape determines function

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21
Q

start prot. diges.

A

stomach
acid denatures
pepsin breaks dwn polypep.

sm intestine
poly to tripep, dipep and a a
absorbed into mucosal cell

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22
Q

aa absorption

A

in mucosal cell
*if share same transp. systm
compete for absorp

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23
Q

undigested protein

A

cause food allergy

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24
Q

aa pool

A

aa for nonprotein syn
ATP production (energy)
syn. glucose and fatty a

From
dietary protein
degrad. body proteins

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25
Q

continuous protein breakdown

A

called protein turnover

fun-
growth, maintenance and reg.

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26
Q

transcription

A

mRNA

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27
Q

translation

A

tRNA translates mRNA into aa

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28
Q

aa make

A

nonprotein mol

DNA, RNA neurotrans

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29
Q

aa for energy

A

deamin.
aa into urea
c compounds for energy
or gluco./ fatty acids

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30
Q

protein structure

A

cellular level- cell mem.

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31
Q

protein facilitate

A

regu. body func.
reg. proteins
enzymes, horm (insulin). transp. pro.
antib,
contractile protein (move), proteins for
fluid and acid balance
provide structure

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32
Q

(PEM) protein energy mal.

A

high protein inc urea production
inc. water loss + wrk by kidneys
inc urinary ca loss

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33
Q

kidney stone risk

A

high animal protein

low fluid

34
Q

inc protein need

A

exercise, lactation, old age, injury, illness

35
Q

animal protein pattern

A

matches body closer

higher quality than plant protein

36
Q

low fat protein

A

milk and dairy = high quality protein

37
Q

veg diet associated w/

A

lwer risk obesity, diabe, cardiovas dis., high bp, cancer

38
Q

veg diet supplements

A

need fortified foods in addition to diet

39
Q

fat soluble vitamins

A

absorb into lymphatic

vitamin a,d,e,k

40
Q

vitamin fun

A

cell grwth, maturation, reproduc, gene regu.

41
Q

forms vit. D in food

A

ergocalciferol (D2)- plant

cholecalciferol (D3)- animal/ make in body

42
Q

ricketts

A

D deficiency
prominent in N and S

fix- fortification of milk w/ vit D

43
Q

osteomalacia

A

adults

softening of bones

44
Q

water sol. vitam

A

easily excreted

45
Q

fat-sol. vitam

A

stored easily

46
Q

UL

A

highest poss dose that will not cause toxicity

2000 or 50 microg

47
Q

thiamin sources

A

lean pork, legumes, whole/enriched grains

48
Q

thiamin required for AcH/ acetylcho

A

used for produc. of ATP from glucose

49
Q

thiamin defic

A

nervous systm abnormal

linked to alcholism

50
Q

riboflavin sources

A

milk, meat, whole/enrich. grains

51
Q

Ribofl coenzymes

A

needed generation of ATP from carbs, fat and protein

52
Q

riboflav deficien

A

not seen alone

no toxicity

53
Q

niacin sources

A

beef, chicken, turkey, fish, whole/enriched grains

54
Q

niacin coenzymes

A

brkdwn carbs, fat, protein
makes energy
synth. fatty a + sterols

55
Q

niacin defici

A

results in pellagra

diarrh, dementia, dermatitis

56
Q

nicotinic acid suppl

A

lower blood chol

cause toxicity symptoms

57
Q

Biotin sources

A

egg yolk and liver

58
Q

biotin fun

A

syn. of gluc and fatty a +
certain aa
no RDA

59
Q

Panthenic acid defic

A

rare

AI established

60
Q

pantothenic acid fun

A

apart of CoA
ATP frm carbs, fat and protein
syn. chol and fatty a

61
Q

Vitamin B6 sources

A

chicken, fish, liver, whole grains

62
Q

vitam. B6 fun

A

metabl. carbs, fat and protein
coenzym for transamin, deamin, decarbox rxns
(aa metabolism)

63
Q

vitamin, b6 deficiency

A

causes neuro symp, anemia, poor immune fun., inc cardiovas dis risk

64
Q

Folic acid sources

A

liver, legumes, oranges, leafy green veg, fortified grains

65
Q

folate fun

A

syn DNA

cells need to divide

66
Q

folate deficien

A

results anemia

cancer and cardiovas risk

67
Q

folate reccommen

A

400 ug

68
Q

vitamin b12 sources

A

animal products

69
Q

vitm B12 requirements

A

need enough stomach acid, and pancreatic secretions to digest

70
Q

vitam B12 fun

A

metab. of folate and fatty a
maintain myelin on nerves

present anemia, nerve damage
*vegans at risk

71
Q

Vitamin c sources

A

citrus fruits

water sol. antioxi
protect against free rad

72
Q

vitam C fun

A

sysn + matein. of collagen

syn. hormones / neurotrans

73
Q

antioxidant

A

protect against free rad

steal ele. from DNA, carbs, protein, unsat fatty a

74
Q

vitam C deficie

A

scurvy

poor wound healing, bleeding

75
Q

choline

A

essen nutrient

can be produced by body but not enough to meet needs

76
Q

choline sources

A

egg yolks, meats

77
Q

protein binding

A

iron binds hemoglobin

78
Q

protein denaturation

A

unfolding shape
body
fever
high cooking temps

79
Q

albumin

A

osmotic pressure reg

manages fluid balance

80
Q

high qual protein

A

all aa

well absorbed

81
Q

low qual protein

A

limited amnt 1+ ess. aa
poorly absorbed
plant based

82
Q

protein complentation

A

combining varies plant based foods

nutrition (12 decks)

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