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Top 200 Drugs PY3 > Quiz 8 > Flashcards

Quiz 8 Flashcards

1
Q

aprepitant 1

A

Brand: Emend
Class: Antiemetic; Substance P/Neurokinin 1 Receptor antagonist
Indication: Prevent acute & delayed nausea & vomiting associated with chemo; prevention of postoperative nausea & vomiting

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2
Q

aprepitant 2

A

MOA: inhibits substance P/neurokinin 1 (NK1) receptor; augments the antiemetic activity of 5-HT3 receptor antagonists & corticosteroids to inhibit acute & delayed phases of chemo-induced emesis
BBW: N/A
SE: fatigue & neutropenia

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3
Q

ondansetron 1

A

Brand: Zofran
Class: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist
Indication: N/V associated w/ chemo, radiation, & post-op

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4
Q

ondansetron 2

A

MOA: blocks serotonin, both peripherally on vagal nerve terminals & centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
BBW: N/A
Side effects: HA, malaise/fatigue, constipation

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5
Q

palonosetron 1

A

Brand: Aloxi
Class: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonist
Indication: N/V associated with chemo & post-op

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6
Q

palonosetron 2

A

MOA: blocks serotonin, both on vagal nerve terminals in the periphery & centrally in the chemoreceptor trigger zone
BBW: N/A
SE: HA (9%)

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7
Q

prochlorperazine 1

A

Brand: Compazine
Class: Antiemetic; Typical Antipsychotic
Indication: N/V; psychotic disorders, nonpsychotic anxiety

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8
Q

prochlorperazine 2

A

MOA: blocks D1 & D2 receptors in the brain, including the CTZ; exhibits a strong alpha-adrenergic & anticholinergic blocking effect & depresses the release of hypothalamic & hypophyseal hormones; believed to depress the reticular activating system, thus affecting basal metabolism, body temperature, wakefulness, vasomotor tone & emesis
BBW: old people with dementia at increased risk of death
SE: prolonged QT interval, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome

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9
Q

promethazine 1

A

Brand: Phenergan
Class:Histamine H1 Antagonist
Indication: N/V

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10
Q

promethazine 2

A

MOA: blocks dopaminergic receptors in the brain; exhibits a strong alpha-adrenergic blocking effect & depresses the release of hypothalamic & hypophyseal hormones; competes with histamine for the H1-receptor; muscarinic-blocking effect may be responsible for antiemetic activity; reduces stimuli to the brainstem reticular system
BBW: Don’t use in children < 2 yo due to fatal respiratory depression. Use caution in children > 2 yo; severe tissue injury
SE: dermatitis, phototoxicity, urticaria, N/V, xerostomia, CNS depression, dizziness, extrapyramidal disease, lowered convulsive threshold, somnolence

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11
Q

metoclopramide 1

A

Brand: Reglan
Class: Antiemetic; Prokinetic
Indication: Diabetic gastroparesis, GERD, prevention of N/V in chemotherapy

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12
Q

metoclopramide 2

A

MOA: Blocks dopamine receptors and (when given in higher doses) also blocks serotonin receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone of the CNS; enhances the response to acetylcholine of tissue in upper GI tract causing enhanced motility and accelerated gastric emptying without stimulating gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions; increases lower esophageal sphincter tone
BBW: Tardive dyskinesia
SE: drowsiness, dystonic reaction, restlessness, fatigue, lassitude

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13
Q

dexamethasone 1

A

Brand: Baycadron, Decadron
Class: Anti-inflammatory Agent; Antiemetic; Corticosteroid, Systemic
Indication: Inflammation

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14
Q

dexamethasone 2

A

MOA: Decreases inflammation by suppression of neutrophil migration, decreased production of inflammatory mediators, and reversal of increased capillary permeability; suppresses normal immune response. Mechanism of antiemetic activity is unknown.
BBW: N/A
SE: diabetic macular edema, atrophy, Cushing’s syndrome, decreased body growth, raised intraocular pressure, depression, euphoria, pulmonary TB

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15
Q

lorazepam 1

A

lorazepam Brand: Ativan
Class: Benzo
Indication: Anxiety, anticipatory N/V, status epilepticus

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16
Q

lorazepam 2

A

MOA: Binds benzo receptors on the postsynaptic GABA neuron at several sites within the CNS.. Enhancement of the inhibitory effect of GABA on neuronal excitability results by increased neuronal membrane permeability to chloride ions. This shift in chloride ions results in hyperpolarization & stabilization. Benzo receptors & effects appear to be linked to the GABA-A receptors. Benzos do not bind to GABA-B receptors
BBW: N/A
Side effects: sedation dizziness, depression

17
Q

octreotide 1

A

Brand: Sandostatin
Class: Antidiarrheal; Antidote; Somatostatin Analog
Indication: Control of symptoms (diarrhea and flushing) in patients with metastatic carcinoid tumors; treatment of watery diarrhea associated with vasoactive intestinal peptide-secreting tumors (VIPomas); treatment of acromegaly

18
Q

octreotide 2

A

MOA: Mimics natural somatostatin by inhibiting serotonin release, and the secretion of gastrin, VIP, insulin, glucagon, secretin, motilin, and pancreatic polypeptide. Decreases growth hormone and IGF-1 in acromegaly. Octreotide provides more potent inhibition of growth hormone, glucagon, and insulin as compared to endogenous somatostatin. Also suppresses LH response to GnRH, secretion of thyroid-stimulating hormone and decreases splanchnic blood flow
BBW: N/A
SE: bradycardia, chest pain; fatigue, HA, malaise, fever, dizziness; pruritis, hypeglycemia, abd pain, loose stools, nausea, diarrhea, flatulence, cholelithiasis, biliary sludge, constipation, vomiting, biliary duct dilution, injection site pain, back pain, arthropathy, myalgia, upper respiratory infection, dyspnea, flu symptoms, HTN, conduction abnormalities, pain, alopecia, anemia & frustration from trying to remember all the side effects of octreotide

19
Q

allopurinol 1

A

Brand: Zyloprim, Aloprim
Class: Antigout Agent; Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
Indication: gout, cancer induced hyperuricemia, calcium oxalate stones

20
Q

allopurinol 2

A

MOA: inhibits xanthine oxidase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine to uric acid. Allopurinol is metabolized to oxypurinol which is also an inhibitor of xanthine oxidase; allopurinol acts on purine catabolism, reducing the production of uric acid without disrupting the biosynthesis of vital purines
BBW: N/A
SE: increased liver enzymes, increased alk phos, skin rash, gout, D/N,

21
Q

zoledronic acid 1

A

Brand: Zometa
Class: Bisphosphonate
Indication: hypercalcemia of malignancy, multiple myeloma and bone metastases from solid tumors

22
Q

zoledronic acid 2

A

MOA: inhibits bone resorption via actions on osteoclasts or on osteoclast precursors; inhibits osteoclastic activity and skeletal calcium release induced by tumors. Decreases serum calcium and phosphorus, and increases their elimination. In osteoporosis, zoledronic acid inhibits osteoclast-mediated resorption, therefore reducing bone turnover.
BBW: N/A
Side effects: LEE, hypotension, fatigue, HA, dizziness, insomnia, anxiety, depression, agitation, confusion, hypoesthesia, rigors, alopecia, dermatitis, dehydration, hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, N/V/D, constipation, anorexia, abdominal pain, weight loss, UTI, anemia, progression of cancer, neutropenia, candidiasis, ostealgia, myalgia, arthralgia, back pain, paresthesia, limb pain, skeletal pain, dyspnea, cough, fever, basically everything

23
Q

denosumab 1

A

Brand: Xgeva
Class: Bone-Modifying Agent; Monoclonal Antibody
Indication: osteoporosis, tumors

24
Q

denosumab 2

A

MOA: Osteoblasts secrete RANKL, which activates osteoclast precursors (break down bone). Denosumab is a monoclonal antibody that binds to RANKL and blocks interaction.
BBW: N/A
SE: HTN fatigue, HA, peripheral edema, dermatitis, eczema, skin rash, hypophosphatemia, hypocalcemia, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea, anemia, influenza, weakness, arthralgia, limb pain, back pain, dyspnea, cough

25
Q

dronabinol 1

A

Brand: Marinol
Class: Antiemetic; appetite stimulant
Indication: appetite stimulation in AIDS; chemo-induced N/V

26
Q

dronabinol 2

A

MOA: activates cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2; Activation of the CB1 receptor produces marijuana-like effects, whereas activation of the CB2 receptor doesn’t; equal affinity for the CB1 and CB2 receptors -efficacy is less at CB2 receptors; causes psychological effects that can be divided into 4 groups: affective (euphoria and easy laughter); sensory (increased perception of external stimuli and of the person’s own body); somatic (feeling of the body floating or sinking in the bed); and cognitive (distortion of time perception, memory lapses, difficulty in concentration). Most effects are mediated by central cannabinoid receptors (CB1).
BBW: n/a
SE: euphoria, abnormal thinking, dizziness, drowsiness, paranoia, abdonimal pain, N/V

Top 200 Drugs PY3 (9 decks)

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