Quiz 6 Flashcards
oseltamivir 1
Brand: Tamiflu
Class: Neuraminidase inhibitor
Indication: Influenza treatment and prophylaxis
oseltamivir 2
MOA: Inhibits neuraminidase, preventing viral release. Neuraminidase is an enzyme that clips the viral hemagluttin from the sialic acid on the cell, causing viral release from the cell.
BBW: N/A
SE: nausea & vomiting
elbasvir + grazoprevir 1
Brand: Zepatier
Class: NS5A inhibitor + protease inhibitor
Indication: Hepatitis C
elbasvir + grazoprevir 2
MOA: Elbasvir - binds to the N-terminus within Domain 1 of HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and inhibits viral RNA replication and virion assembly. Grazoprevir - inhibiting the protease necessary for proteolytic cleavage of HCV encoded polyproteins used for viral replication
BBW: N/A
SE: HA, nausea, fatigue
sofosbuvir + velpatasvir 1
Brand: Epclusa
Class: NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor + NS5A inhibitor
Indication: Hepatitis C.
sofosbuvir + velpatasvir 2
MOA: Velpatasvir inhibits the HCV NS5A protein necessary for viral replication. Sofosbuvir - prodrug converted to its pharmacologically active form (GS-461203), which inhibits NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, also essential for viral replication, and acts as a chain terminator.
BBW: N/A
SE: HA, nausea, fatigue
sofosbuvir + ledipasvir 1
Brand: Harvoni
Class: NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor + NS5A inhibitor
Indication: Hepatitis C
sofosbuvir + ledipasvir 2
MOA: Ledipasvir inhibits the HCV NS5A protein necessary for viral replication; sofosbuvir is a prodrug converted to its pharmacologically active form (GS-461203), inhibits NS5B RNA-dependent RNA polymerase, also essential for viral replication, and acts as a chain terminator.
BBW: N/A
SE: HA, fatigue, asthenia
ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir + dasabuvir 1
Brand: Viekira Pak
Indication: Hepatitis C
Class: NS5A inhibitor + protease inhibitor + CYP3A4 inhibitor + NS5B RNA polymerase inhibitor
ombitasvir + paritaprevir + ritonavir + dasabuvir 2
MOA: Ombitasvir inhibits HCV NS5A, and interferes with viral RNA replication and virion assembly. Paritaprevir inhibits HCV NS3/4A protease and interferes with HCV coded polyprotein cleavage necessary for viral replication. Dasabuvir inhibits HCV RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (encoded by the NS5B gene) which is also necessary for viral replication. Ritonavir is a CYP3A inhibitor that increases concentrations of paritaprevir.
BBW: N/A
SE: Skin reactions, pruritis, nausea, insomnia, fatigue
peginterferon alfa-2a 1
Brand name: Pegasys
Class: Interferon
Indication: Hep B & C
peginterferon alfa-2a 2
MOA: Interferons interact with cells through high affinity cell surface receptors. Following activation, multiple effects can be detected including induction of gene transcription. Interferons inhibit cellular growth, alter the state of cellular differentiation, interfere with oncogene expression, alter cell surface antigen expression, increase phagocytic activity of macrophages, and augment cytotoxicity of lymphocytes for target cells.
BBW: Risk of serious disorders and ribavirin-associated effects; combination with ribavirin (may cause birth defects, death of fetus)
SE: alopecia, dermatitis, injection site inflammation/rxn, pruritus, rash, high TG, weight loss, abdominal pain, N/V/D, loss of appetite, arthralgia, myalgia, dizziness, HA, insomnia, anxiety, dyspnea, fatigue, fever, influenza-like illness, rigor
ribavirin 1
Brand name: Virazole
Class: Antihepaciviral, Nucleoside (Anti-HCV)
Indication: Chronic Hep C
ribavirin 2
MOA: Inhibits replication of RNA and DNA viruses; inhibits influenza virus RNA polymerase activity and inhibits the initiation and elongation of RNA fragments resulting in inhibition of viral protein synthesis
BBW: Should not be used alone for treatment of Hep C; Hemolytic anemia (which could lead to CV complications); Teratogenicity
SE: injection site rxn, weight loss, diarrhea, loss of appetite, N/V, neutropenia, asthenia, dizziness, HA, insomnia, fatigue, influenza-like illness
lidocaine 1
Lidoderm, generics
Class: Antiarrhythmic Agent, Class Ib; Local Anesthetic
Indication: Local and regional anesthesia by infiltration, nerve block, epidural, or spinal techniques; acute treatment of ventricular arrhythmias from myocardial infarction or cardiac manipulation (eg, cardiac surgery)
lidocaine 2
MOA: Class Ib antiarrhythmic; suppresses automaticity of conduction tissue, by increasing electrical stimulation threshold of ventricle, His-Purkinje system, and spontaneous depolarization of the ventricles during diastole by a direct action on the tissues; blocks both the initiation and conduction of nerve impulses by decreasing the neuronal membrane’s permeability to sodium ions, which results in inhibition of depolarization with resultant blockade of conduction
BBW: N/A
SE: Hypotension, nausea
fentanyl 1
Sublimaze, Actiq, Duragesic
Class: Opioid analgesic
Indication: Pain
fentanyl 2
MOA: Binds with mu-receptors at sites within the CNS, increases pain threshold, alters pain reception, inhibits ascending pain pathways
BBW: Addiction, abuse, and misuse; life-threatening respiratory depression; accidental exposure; neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome; CYP450 interaction; Exposure to heat increases absorption
SE: bradycardia, chest wall rigidity, edema, central nervous system depression, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, fatigue, HA, sedation, diaphoresis, dehydration, constipation, N/V, xerostomia, application site erythema, muscle rigidity, weakness, miosis, dyspnea, respiratory depression
morphine 1
Brand: various
Class: Analgesic, Opioid
Indication: Management of pain
morphine 2
MOA: Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain; produces generalized CNS depression
BBW: Astramorph PF, Infumorph, Duramorph: Because of the risk of severe adverse effects when the epidural or intrathecal route of administration is employed, patients must be observed in a fully equipped and staffed environment for at least 24 hours after the initial dose.
Infumorph: Infumorph is not recommended for single-dose intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), or subcutaneous administration because of the very large amount of morphine in the ampul and the associated risk of overdosage.
SE: pruritus, constipation, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, HA, lightheadedness, somnolence, miosis, urinary retention
oxycodone 1
Brand: Oxycontin, M-Oxy
Class: Analgesic, Opioid
Indication: Management of pain
oxycodone 2
MOA: Binds to opiate receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain; produces generalized CNS depression
BBW: Addiction, abuse, and misuse; life-threatening respiratory depression; accidental ingestion; neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome; CYP450 3A4 interaction; concentrated oral solution
SE: drowsiness, dizziness, pruritus, constipation, N/V
hydromorphone 1
Dilaudid
Class: Analgesic, Opioid
Indication: Management of pain
hydromorphone 2
MOA: Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS, causing inhibition of ascending pain pathways, altering the perception of and response to pain; causes cough supression by direct central action in the medulla; produces generalized CNS depression
BBW: Addiction, abuse, and misuse; life-threatening respiratory depression; accidental ingestion; neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome
SE: constipation, N/V, asthenia, dizziness, HA, somnolence
oxymorphone 1
Opana, Opana ER
Class: Analgesic, Opioid
Indication: Management of pain
oxymorphone 2
MOA: pure opioid agonist that is relatively selective for the mu receptor
BBW: addiction/abuse/misuse, respiratory depression, accidental ingestion, neonatal withdrawal, alcohol interaction
SE: drowsiness, dizziness, HA, pruritus, nausea, constipation, vomiting, fever
daclatasvir 1
Brand: Daklinza
Class: NS5A Inhibitor
Indication: Hepatitis C
daclatasvir 2
MOA: binds to the N-terminus within Domain 1 of HCV nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) and inhibits viral RNA replication and virion assembly
BBW: N/A
SE: HA, nausea, fatigue
