Quiz 3 Flashcards
nitrofurantoin 1
Brand name: Macrodantin, Macrobid
Class: Antibiotic, Misc
Indication: UTI, acute cystitis
nitrofurantoin 2
MOA: Reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates that inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins leading to inhibition of protein synthesis, aerobic energy metabolism, DNA, RNA, and cell wall synthesis. Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal in urine at therapeutic doses.
BBW: N/A
Side effects: loss of appetite, N/V
linezolid 1
Brand: Zyvox
Class: Antibiotic, Oxazolidinone
Indication: VRE infections, nosocomial PNA cause (MRSA coverage), SSTIs, CAP
linezolid 2
MOA: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50S subunit.
BBW: N/A
Side Effects: HA, diarrhea, decreased hemoglobin, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia
vancomycin 1
Brand: Vancocin
Class: Glycopeptide
Indication: Infections caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus, treatment of C-diff associated diarrhea, treatment of enterocolitis (MRSA coverage)
vancomycin 2
MOA: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking glycopeptide polymerization
BBW: N/A
Side Effects: Hypotension accompanied with flushing, red man syndrome
daptomycin 1
Brand: Cubicin
Class: Antibiotic, Cyclic Lipopeptide
Indication: SSTIs, S. aureus bloodstream infections (MRSA coverage), PNA
daptomycin 2
MOA: Binds to components of the cell membrane and causes rapid depolarization, inhibiting intracellular synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. Daptomycin is bactericidal in a concentration-dependent manner.
BBW: N/A
Side Effects: Diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, anemia
azithromycin 1
Brand: Zithromax
Class: Antibiotic, Macrolide
Indication: AOM, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, CAP, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital ulcer disease, acute bacterial exacerbations in COPD, acute bacterial sinusitis, ppx/t x of MAC in HIV patients, SSTIs
azithromycin 2
MOA: Inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis at the chain elongation step; binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit resulting in blockage of transpeptidation
BBW: N/A
Side Effects: Diarrhea
clindamycin 1
Brand: Cleocin
Class: Antibiotic, Lincosamide
Indication: Infections caused by anaerobes, streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci; pelvic inflammatory disease (I.V.), MRSA
clindamycin 2
MOA: Reversibly binds to 50S ribosomal subunits preventing peptide bond formation thus inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
BBW: Severe/possibly fatal colitis, c.diff
Side Effects: Morbilliform eruption, abdominal pain, N/D
fluconazole 1
Brand name: Diflucan
Class: Antifungal Agent, Azole Derivative; Antifungal Agent, Oral/parenteral
Indication: Candidasis
fluconazole 2
MOA: Interferes with fungal cytochrome P450 activity decreasing ergosterol synthesis (principal sterol in fungal cell membrane) and inhibiting cell membrane formation
BBW: N/A
SE: HA
metronidazole 1
Brand: Flagyl
Class: Amebicide; Antibiotic, Misc; Antiprotozoal, Nitroimidazole
Indication: Tx of susceptible anaerobic bacterial/protozoal infections, rosacea, trichomoniasis
metronidazole 2
MOA: interacts with DNA to cause a loss of helical DNA structure and strand breakage resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death in susceptible organisms
BBW: Possibly carcinogenic
Side Effects: Nausea, HA, Candida infection, vaginal discharge, vaginitis
voriconazole 1
Brand name: Vfend
Class: Antifungal Agent, Azole Derivative
Indication: Invasive aspergillosis, candidiasis, serious fungal infections
voriconazole 2
MOA: Interferes with fungal cytochrome P450 activity decreasing ergosterol synthesis (principal sterol in fungal cell membrane) and inhibiting fungal cell membrane formation.
BBW: N/A
SE: Visual disturbance, hallucinations
micafungin 1
Brand name: Mycamine
Class: Antifungal Agent, Parenteral; Echinocandin
Indication: Candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, Candida peritonitis and abscesses, esophageal candidiasis, ppx of Candida infections
micafungin 2
MOA: Concentration-dependent inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase resulting in reduced formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an essential polysaccharide comprising Candida cell walls
BBW: N/A
SE: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, headache, fever
amphotericin (lipid based) 1
Brand name: Ambisome
Class: Antifungal Agent, Parenteral
Indication: Aspergillus, Candida infections, Cryptococcus species infections
amphotericin (lipid based) 2
MOA: Binds to ergosterol altering cell membrane permeability in susceptible fungi
BBW: N/A
SE: Rash, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, increased alkaline phosphate, insomnia, complication of infusion, increased BUN, increased SCr, dyspnea, rigor
