Quiz 3

Question 1

nitrofurantoin 1

Answer 1

Brand name: Macrodantin, Macrobid
Class: Antibiotic, Misc
Indication: UTI, acute cystitis

Question 2

nitrofurantoin 2

Answer 2

MOA: Reduced by bacterial flavoproteins to reactive intermediates that inactivate or alter bacterial ribosomal proteins leading to inhibition of protein synthesis, aerobic energy metabolism, DNA, RNA, and cell wall synthesis. Nitrofurantoin is bactericidal in urine at therapeutic doses.
BBW: N/A
Side effects: loss of appetite, N/V

Question 3

linezolid 1

Answer 3

Brand: Zyvox
Class: Antibiotic, Oxazolidinone
Indication: VRE infections, nosocomial PNA cause (MRSA coverage), SSTIs, CAP

Question 4

linezolid 2

Answer 4

MOA: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis by binding to 50S subunit.
BBW: N/A
Side Effects: HA, diarrhea, decreased hemoglobin, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia

Question 5

vancomycin 1

Answer 5

Brand: Vancocin
Class: Glycopeptide
Indication: Infections caused by staphylococcus and streptococcus, treatment of C-diff associated diarrhea, treatment of enterocolitis (MRSA coverage)

Question 6

vancomycin 2

Answer 6

MOA: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis by blocking glycopeptide polymerization
BBW: N/A
Side Effects: Hypotension accompanied with flushing, red man syndrome

Question 7

daptomycin 1

Answer 7

Brand: Cubicin
Class: Antibiotic, Cyclic Lipopeptide
Indication: SSTIs, S. aureus bloodstream infections (MRSA coverage), PNA

Question 8

daptomycin 2

Answer 8

MOA: Binds to components of the cell membrane and causes rapid depolarization, inhibiting intracellular synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein. Daptomycin is bactericidal in a concentration-dependent manner.
BBW: N/A
Side Effects: Diarrhea, vomiting, constipation, anemia

Question 9

azithromycin 1

Answer 9

Brand: Zithromax
Class: Antibiotic, Macrolide
Indication: AOM, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, CAP, pelvic inflammatory disease, genital ulcer disease, acute bacterial exacerbations in COPD, acute bacterial sinusitis, ppx/t x of MAC in HIV patients, SSTIs

Question 10

azithromycin 2

Answer 10

MOA: Inhibits RNA-dependent protein synthesis at the chain elongation step; binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit resulting in blockage of transpeptidation
BBW: N/A
Side Effects: Diarrhea

Question 11

clindamycin 1

Answer 11

Brand: Cleocin
Class: Antibiotic, Lincosamide
Indication: Infections caused by anaerobes, streptococci, pneumococci, and staphylococci; pelvic inflammatory disease (I.V.), MRSA

Question 12

clindamycin 2

Answer 12

MOA: Reversibly binds to 50S ribosomal subunits preventing peptide bond formation thus inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis
BBW: Severe/possibly fatal colitis, c.diff
Side Effects: Morbilliform eruption, abdominal pain, N/D

Question 13

fluconazole 1

Answer 13

Brand name: Diflucan
Class: Antifungal Agent, Azole Derivative; Antifungal Agent, Oral/parenteral
Indication: Candidasis

Question 14

fluconazole 2

Answer 14

MOA: Interferes with fungal cytochrome P450 activity decreasing ergosterol synthesis (principal sterol in fungal cell membrane) and inhibiting cell membrane formation
BBW: N/A
SE: HA

Question 15

metronidazole 1

Answer 15

Brand: Flagyl
Class: Amebicide; Antibiotic, Misc; Antiprotozoal, Nitroimidazole
Indication: Tx of susceptible anaerobic bacterial/protozoal infections, rosacea, trichomoniasis

Question 16

metronidazole 2

Answer 16

MOA: interacts with DNA to cause a loss of helical DNA structure and strand breakage resulting in inhibition of protein synthesis and cell death in susceptible organisms
BBW: Possibly carcinogenic
Side Effects: Nausea, HA, Candida infection, vaginal discharge, vaginitis

Question 17

voriconazole 1

Answer 17

Brand name: Vfend
Class: Antifungal Agent, Azole Derivative
Indication: Invasive aspergillosis, candidiasis, serious fungal infections

Question 18

voriconazole 2

Answer 18

MOA: Interferes with fungal cytochrome P450 activity decreasing ergosterol synthesis (principal sterol in fungal cell membrane) and inhibiting fungal cell membrane formation.
BBW: N/A
SE: Visual disturbance, hallucinations

Question 19

micafungin 1

Answer 19

Brand name: Mycamine
Class: Antifungal Agent, Parenteral; Echinocandin
Indication: Candidemia, acute disseminated candidiasis, Candida peritonitis and abscesses, esophageal candidiasis, ppx of Candida infections

Question 20

micafungin 2

Answer 20

MOA: Concentration-dependent inhibition of 1,3-beta-D-glucan synthase resulting in reduced formation of 1,3-beta-D-glucan, an essential polysaccharide comprising Candida cell walls
BBW: N/A
SE: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, thrombocytopenia, headache, fever

Question 21

amphotericin (lipid based) 1

Answer 21

Brand name: Ambisome
Class: Antifungal Agent, Parenteral
Indication: Aspergillus, Candida infections, Cryptococcus species infections

Question 22

amphotericin (lipid based) 2

Answer 22

MOA: Binds to ergosterol altering cell membrane permeability in susceptible fungi
BBW: N/A
SE: Rash, hyperglycemia, hypokalemia, hypomagnesemia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, increased alkaline phosphate, insomnia, complication of infusion, increased BUN, increased SCr, dyspnea, rigor