Quiz 7: Renal System Flashcards
Renal System and Urinary Tract Components and Structure
Components: 2 Kidneys, 2 Ureters, Bladder, and Urethra
Function: Maintain homeostasis in the body and excrete both waste and excess fluid
Renal System Chart Lab Values: Creatinine
If it is increased: Renal failure, urinary obstruction, dehydration
If it is decreased: Aging
Renal System Chart Lab Values: Glomerular filtration rate
What it could mean if it’s increased: The higher it is, the better your kidney function
What it could mean if its decreased: The worse the kidney function into failure. GFR lowers as you get older
Renal System Chart Lab Values Magnesium
If it’s increased: Renal Disease
If it’s decreased: Renal Tubular Acidosis, acute tubular necrosis, chronic glomerulonephritis, drugs
Urinary Incontinence
- Leakage of urine that occurs beyond your control
Stress incontinence
When the abdominal pressure builds and pelvic floor cannot maintain their contraction to hold the urine
Subjective Question: Do you leak when you cough, sneeze or laugh?
Overactive urinary incontinence
Smooth muscle in the bladder wall contracts with involuntary relaxation
Subjective Question: Do you urinate more than every two hours?
Overflow urinary incontinence
Inability to completely empty with constant leaking
Subjective Question: Do you dribble urine all day?
Functional Incontinence
Mobility is limited and patient is unable to get into bathroom in a timely manner
Subjective Question: Do you have trouble getting to the bathroom on time?
Renal/Urogenital Subjective Questions
1) Do you have any problems holding urine or emptying your bladder?
2) Do you ever lead urine or have accidents
3) Do you wear pads to protect against urine leaking?
4) Are your activities limited because of urine leaking?
5) Do you have any history of kidney issues?
6) Have you ever had dialysis or kidney stones?
Renal/Urogenital System Red Flags
• Blood in Urine
• Change in urinary frequency
• Pain/Burning with urination
• Inability to urinate(Urinary retention)
• New inability to control
urination(incontinence)
• Change in urine color, smell, or
amount
• Altered Mental Status
• Shortness of Breath
Renal/Urogenital System Urgent Conditions/Symptoms
1) Abnormal bleeding in urine
2) Abnormal Vaginal bleeding
3) Bleeding in between periods
4) Increase in penile or vaginal discharge
5) Unusual discharge from penis, vagina, or rectum
6) Itching or rash in genitals
7) New urinary difficulties/changes
8) Nephrolithiasis
9) UTI/Bladder/Kidney infection
10) Painful urination
Referral Pathways Renal:
1) Nephrologist: Physician for kidneys
2) Dialysis Clinic: Provide HD treatment
3) PCP
If patient has any red flags
