Quiz #7 - Hypothalamus Flashcards
Hypothalamus forms the _______ of the ____ _________ and portions of the ________ _______
FLOOR and portions of the LATERAL WALLS of the THIRD VENTRICLE
Two critical parts included as part of the hypothalamus
Infundibular Stalk
Optic Chiasma
Significant nuclei and areas of the anterior portion
Paraventricular Nucleus Anterior Nucleus Preoptic Area Supraoptic Nucleus Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Optic Chiasma
Two nuclei that relay to the posterior pituitary?
What tract do the axons travel in?
What structure is that tract contained in?
Paraventricular and Supraoptic
Hypothalamohypophyseal Tract
Infundibular Stalk
Nuclei of intermediate portion
Dorsomedial
Ventromedial
Arcuate
Nuclei of posterior portion
Posterior
Mammillary
The hypothalamus has vague control over….
Basic drives of Hunger, Thirst and Sex
It controls the ________ aspect of emotional expression
Physical
It has central control over…
Visceral (autonomic) Functions
Portion(s) of the hypothalamus that handle parasympathetic control?
Three examples of the parasympathetic control
Anterior and Intermediate Examples: Increase digestive motility Decrease heart rate Constrict pupils
Portion(s) of the hypothalamus that handle sympathetic control?
Three examples of sympathetic control?
Posterior
Decrease digestive motility
Increase heart rate
Dilate pupils
Endocrine control from the hypothalamus:
Directly - Posterior Pituitary
Indirectly - Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Supraoptic and Paraventricular nuclei send axons to the posterior pituitary via the hypothalamohypophyseal tract and both are capable of releasing (+ function of what’s released)…
Oxytocin - uterine contractions and milk let down and ejection
ADH (antidiuretic hormone) - retain H2O
Suprachiasmatic Nuclei:
- (function)
- (connection)
- Circadial (daily) 24-25 hour rhythms such as temp., sleep, light, feeding, etc.
- Complexly connected to Pineal Gland and its secretions
Anterior Nucleus: (function)
Parasympathetic functions
Preoptic Area: (function)
Thermo-Regulator when we’re HOT - stimulates sweating
Dorsomedial Nuclei: (function)
GI Tract parasympathetic influence
Ventromedial Nuclei: (function)
Eating and Thirst Gratification - “A Satiety Center” or Fullness Center
Arcuate Nuclei:
- Contribute axons to _______________ tract
- Terminate/Secrete neurohormones into…
- Those neurohormones then make their way to the _______ ______
- These neurohormones are commonly called “_________ _______”
Arcuate Nuclei:
- Contribute axons to TUBEROINFUNDIBULAR tract
- Terminate/Secrete neurohormones into PERIVASCULAR SPACE OF INFUNDIBULAR STALK
- Those neurohormones then make their way to the ANTERIOR PITUITARY
- These neurohormones are commonly called “RELEASING FACTORS”
Bulge between infundibular stalk and mammillary bodies?
Tuber Cinereum
Mammillary Bodies: (function)
- Two forms of Korsakov’s Syndrome
Short-Term Memory
Anterograde - Lose a window of memory AFTER event
Retrograde - Lose memories leading up to event
____________: Invented memories to fill in the blanks of a blackout
Confabulation
Posterior Nuclei: (function)
- known for diverse…
Thermo-regulator when we’re cold - stimulates shivering
- known for diverse Sympathetic actions
The posterior pituitary (or ___________) develops from the…
Neurohypophysis
Diencephalon embriologically
_______ _______ gives rise to the anterior pituitary (or __________) and intermediate pituitary
Rathke’s Pouch
Adenohypophysis
Small arteries that break into highly permeable capillaries within the infundibular stalk are called ________ _______.
Fenestrated Sinusoids
Fenestrated Sinusoids pick up ________ _______ from the _____________ tract fibers.
“Releasing Factors”
Tuberoinfundibular Tract Fibers
