Quiz 2 - Appendix B Flashcards
What makes up the bulk of gray matter?
Neuron Cell Bodies
Dendrites
What makes up the bulk of white matter?
Axons
The “_______” of the _________ and _________ are actually thin layers of gray matter
“Cortex”
Cerebrum and Cerebellum
The massive inner white matter is often broken up by islands or of gray matter called “______” or the less frequent “______ _______”
Nuclei
Basal Ganglia
Three main parts of the brain stem
Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain
Inferior part of brain stem
Medulla Oblongata
Just superior to the M.O. and has a distinct ventral bulge
Pons
Cranial nerve pair __ appears dramatically on the surface of the pons
V
The ____ and the ____ both form the ventral wall of the ______ brain ventricle
Pons & M.O. (form the ventral wall of the)
Fourth (brain ventricle)
The pons is well adapted as an integration and relay center between the ________ and _________
Cerebrum & Cerebellum
The midbrain is the small area immediately surrounding the ________ ________
Cerebral Aqueduct
The cerebral aqueduct is a distinct passageway for ____ between the ______ and _____ ventricle.
CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)
Third and Fourth ventricle
Area posterior to the aqueduct
Tectum
Ventral to the aqueduct are bilateral bulges called the ________ _______
Cerebral Peduncles
Important ____ and _____ ______ make up part of each peduncle
Red and Black Nuclei
The red and black nuclei are is called the _____
crus
The midbrain coordinates subtle _______ dealing with ______ movements in _______ and ________
Reflexes
Head (movements)
Seeing and Hearing
The C.P. are full of important descending _______ ________ ______
Motor Oriented Fibers
Connection between right and left thalamic masses
Massa Intermedia
The third ventricle is simply a fluid-filled space bounded by the ________ and __________ laterally
Thalamus
Hypothalamus
(bound LATERALLY)
The diencephalon is a neuron relay center and also has control over many _________ and ________ functions
Autonomic
Endocrine
The Diencephalon includes… (5)
Thalamus Pineal Body Hypothalamus Massa Intermedia Third Ventricle
The “flower” and the top of the so-called brainstem
Telencephalon
Four major lobes of the brain
Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Each hemisphere has an _______ _____ ______ of gray and _______ _____ of white matter along with centrally located gray masses called _____ ______.
Outer Thin Cortex (gray) Inner Mass (white) Basal Ganglia (central gray masses)
The folds (_____) on the outer surface are formed either by shallow grooves (_____) or by a few larger clefts (_______)
Gyri
Sulci
Fissures
The largest lobes…
About ___% of the cerebrum
Frontal Lobes (right and left) 35% (of cerebrum)
On a unilateral view, the major gyri of the frontal lobes include… (4)
Precentral Gyrus
Superior Frontal Gyrus
Middle Frontal Gyrus
Inferior Frontal Gyrus
The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by the _______ ______
Central Sulcus
The from lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the _______ ______ ______
Lateral Cerebral Sulcus
The _______ _______ is full of neuron axons that connect right and left (frontal lobes)
Corpus Callosum
Structures connecting equivalent halves of the CNS.
“Commissures”
Frontal lobes are best known for the role as both “________ _________” centers and as ________ ______ ________ centers.
“Thought Elaborating”
Voluntary Motor Initiating (centers)
_______ lobes are sandwiched between each of the other lobes.
Parietal Lobes
Parietal lobes include… (2 parts and 1 landmark)
Superior Parietal Lobules
Inferior Parietal Lobules
Post Central Gyrus
The inferior parietal lobule is primarily made up of the ____________ and ______ gyri
Supramarginal and Angular Gyri
The _______-_______ ______ demarcates the general border between parietal and occipital lobe
Parietal-Occipital Sulcus
The boundary between the parietal and ________ lobe is nondistinct
Temporal
Modalities “felt” within the parietal lobe (5)
Light Touch Deep Touch Pain Temperature Change Kinesthetic Input
Besides the 5 modalities, the parietal lobe is also able to associate many inputs from the other lobes in order to develop such skills such as ________ and ________
Reading
Writing
Relatively small lobes with indistinct lateral and inferior boundaries.
Occipital Lobes
Medial surface of the occipital lobe is deeply grooved by the important _______ ______
Calcarine Sulcus
Two other prominent medial structures (besides calcarine sulcus… above/below)
Cuneus (above) Lingual Gyri (below)
______ and memory of past ______ experience are received, built up, stored, and associated in the occipital lobes
Sight (and memory of past)
Sight experiences
Like the frontal lobes, the temporals are subdivided into distinct… (3)
Superior Temporal Gyrus
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Inferior Temporal Gyrus
Three most notable functions of temporal lobes
Auditory Reception
Interpretation
Memory Centers
Much of our behavior control mechanism is tied up along the ________ located __________ formation.
Medially (located)
Hippocampal
The medial aspect of the temporal lobes is separated from the frontal lobe by the ______ _______ _______.
Deep Lateral Sulcus
Significant olfactory interpretation area of the temporal lobes
Uncus
Posterior enlargement just dorsal to the pons and medulla
Cerebellum
The cerebellum appears as a large “____” off the so-called ________
“Bud”
Brainstem
Embryologically, the cerebellum is part of the ________ along with the ____ and ______
Hindbrain
M.O. and Pons
The fluid filled space between the _____, _______, and ________ is known as the fourth brain ventricle
Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum
Superior to the bulk of the cerebellum are the _______ _____ of the _________ hemisphere
Occipital Lobes
Cerebral (hemispheres)
The space and membrane that separate the cerebellum and occipital lobes are in a fissure called the _________ ______ _______
Horizontal Cerebral Fissure
The horizontal cerebellar fissure is _______ to the horizontal cerebral fissure.
Inferior
cerebellar in the cellar
As a unit, the cerebellum plays a major role in maintaining _______ ______ and in seeing that our ________ _______ are effective.
(maintaining) Muscle Tone Voluntary Movements (are effective)
The cerebellum does not initiate ______ _________, but aids in making the _______ and __________.
Gross Movements
Smooth and Harmonious
