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CNS > Quiz 2 - Appendix B > Flashcards

Quiz 2 - Appendix B Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up the bulk of gray matter?

A

Neuron Cell Bodies

Dendrites

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2
Q

What makes up the bulk of white matter?

A

Axons

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3
Q

The “_______” of the _________ and _________ are actually thin layers of gray matter

A

“Cortex”

Cerebrum and Cerebellum

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4
Q

The massive inner white matter is often broken up by islands or of gray matter called “______” or the less frequent “______ _______”

A

Nuclei

Basal Ganglia

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5
Q

Three main parts of the brain stem

A

Medulla Oblongata
Pons
Midbrain

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6
Q

Inferior part of brain stem

A

Medulla Oblongata

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7
Q

Just superior to the M.O. and has a distinct ventral bulge

A

Pons

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8
Q

Cranial nerve pair __ appears dramatically on the surface of the pons

A

V

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9
Q

The ____ and the ____ both form the ventral wall of the ______ brain ventricle

A

Pons & M.O. (form the ventral wall of the)

Fourth (brain ventricle)

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10
Q

The pons is well adapted as an integration and relay center between the ________ and _________

A

Cerebrum & Cerebellum

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11
Q

The midbrain is the small area immediately surrounding the ________ ________

A

Cerebral Aqueduct

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12
Q

The cerebral aqueduct is a distinct passageway for ____ between the ______ and _____ ventricle.

A

CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid)

Third and Fourth ventricle

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13
Q

Area posterior to the aqueduct

A

Tectum

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14
Q

Ventral to the aqueduct are bilateral bulges called the ________ _______

A

Cerebral Peduncles

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15
Q

Important ____ and _____ ______ make up part of each peduncle

A

Red and Black Nuclei

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16
Q

The red and black nuclei are is called the _____

A

crus

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17
Q

The midbrain coordinates subtle _______ dealing with ______ movements in _______ and ________

A

Reflexes
Head (movements)
Seeing and Hearing

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18
Q

The C.P. are full of important descending _______ ________ ______

A

Motor Oriented Fibers

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19
Q

Connection between right and left thalamic masses

A

Massa Intermedia

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20
Q

The third ventricle is simply a fluid-filled space bounded by the ________ and __________ laterally

A

Thalamus
Hypothalamus
(bound LATERALLY)

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21
Q

The diencephalon is a neuron relay center and also has control over many _________ and ________ functions

A

Autonomic

Endocrine

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22
Q

The Diencephalon includes… (5)

A 
Thalamus
Pineal Body
Hypothalamus
Massa Intermedia
Third Ventricle
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23
Q

The “flower” and the top of the so-called brainstem

A

Telencephalon

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24
Q

Four major lobes of the brain

A

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

25
Q

Each hemisphere has an _______ _____ ______ of gray and _______ _____ of white matter along with centrally located gray masses called _____ ______.

A 
Outer Thin Cortex (gray)
Inner Mass (white)
Basal Ganglia (central gray masses)
26
Q

The folds (_____) on the outer surface are formed either by shallow grooves (_____) or by a few larger clefts (_______)

A

Gyri
Sulci
Fissures

27
Q

The largest lobes…

About ___% of the cerebrum

A 
Frontal Lobes (right and left)
35% (of cerebrum)
28
Q

On a unilateral view, the major gyri of the frontal lobes include… (4)

A

Precentral Gyrus
Superior Frontal Gyrus
Middle Frontal Gyrus
Inferior Frontal Gyrus

29
Q

The frontal lobe is separated from the parietal lobe by the _______ ______

A

Central Sulcus

30
Q

The from lobe is separated from the temporal lobe by the _______ ______ ______

A

Lateral Cerebral Sulcus

31
Q

The _______ _______ is full of neuron axons that connect right and left (frontal lobes)

A

Corpus Callosum

32
Q

Structures connecting equivalent halves of the CNS.

A

“Commissures”

33
Q

Frontal lobes are best known for the role as both “________ _________” centers and as ________ ______ ________ centers.

A

“Thought Elaborating”

Voluntary Motor Initiating (centers)

34
Q

_______ lobes are sandwiched between each of the other lobes.

A

Parietal Lobes

35
Q

Parietal lobes include… (2 parts and 1 landmark)

A

Superior Parietal Lobules
Inferior Parietal Lobules
Post Central Gyrus

36
Q

The inferior parietal lobule is primarily made up of the ____________ and ______ gyri

A

Supramarginal and Angular Gyri

37
Q

The _______-_______ ______ demarcates the general border between parietal and occipital lobe

A

Parietal-Occipital Sulcus

38
Q

The boundary between the parietal and ________ lobe is nondistinct

A

Temporal

39
Q

Modalities “felt” within the parietal lobe (5)

A 
Light Touch
Deep Touch
Pain
Temperature Change
Kinesthetic Input
40
Q

Besides the 5 modalities, the parietal lobe is also able to associate many inputs from the other lobes in order to develop such skills such as ________ and ________

A

Reading

Writing

41
Q

Relatively small lobes with indistinct lateral and inferior boundaries.

A

Occipital Lobes

42
Q

Medial surface of the occipital lobe is deeply grooved by the important _______ ______

A

Calcarine Sulcus

43
Q

Two other prominent medial structures (besides calcarine sulcus… above/below)

A 
Cuneus (above)
Lingual Gyri (below)
44
Q

______ and memory of past ______ experience are received, built up, stored, and associated in the occipital lobes

A

Sight (and memory of past)

Sight experiences

45
Q

Like the frontal lobes, the temporals are subdivided into distinct… (3)

A

Superior Temporal Gyrus
Middle Temporal Gyrus
Inferior Temporal Gyrus

46
Q

Three most notable functions of temporal lobes

A

Auditory Reception
Interpretation
Memory Centers

47
Q

Much of our behavior control mechanism is tied up along the ________ located __________ formation.

A

Medially (located)

Hippocampal

48
Q

The medial aspect of the temporal lobes is separated from the frontal lobe by the ______ _______ _______.

A

Deep Lateral Sulcus

49
Q

Significant olfactory interpretation area of the temporal lobes

A

Uncus

50
Q

Posterior enlargement just dorsal to the pons and medulla

A

Cerebellum

51
Q

The cerebellum appears as a large “____” off the so-called ________

A

“Bud”

Brainstem

52
Q

Embryologically, the cerebellum is part of the ________ along with the ____ and ______

A

Hindbrain

M.O. and Pons

53
Q

The fluid filled space between the _____, _______, and ________ is known as the fourth brain ventricle

A

Pons
Medulla
Cerebellum

54
Q

Superior to the bulk of the cerebellum are the _______ _____ of the _________ hemisphere

A

Occipital Lobes

Cerebral (hemispheres)

55
Q

The space and membrane that separate the cerebellum and occipital lobes are in a fissure called the _________ ______ _______

A

Horizontal Cerebral Fissure

56
Q

The horizontal cerebellar fissure is _______ to the horizontal cerebral fissure.

A

Inferior

cerebellar in the cellar

57
Q

As a unit, the cerebellum plays a major role in maintaining _______ ______ and in seeing that our ________ _______ are effective.

A 
(maintaining) Muscle Tone
Voluntary Movements (are effective)
58
Q

The cerebellum does not initiate ______ _________, but aids in making the _______ and __________.

A

Gross Movements

Smooth and Harmonious

CNS (6 decks)

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