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Host And Defense - Exam 3 > Quiz 7 - German - NK And Gamma Delta Cells > Flashcards

Quiz 7 - German - NK And Gamma Delta Cells Flashcards

1
Q

What are NK cells?

A

Lymphocytes

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2
Q

What do NK cells do?

A

Destroy diseased and dysfx self cells

Diverse receptor expression and interaction

May form memory cells

Balance of activating and inhibitory signals

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3
Q

NK cells interact with which MHC?

A
  • MHC Class I*

- Same with CD8 cells

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4
Q

How do NK cells recognize targets?

A

By lack of MHC I

So, not a self cell, or cell may not be the correct self cell (Transplant issues)

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5
Q

What 3 things do NK cells do when activated?

A

Cytokine release

Divide and proliferate

Kill directly

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6
Q

What does MHC typically present when the cell is infected?

A

Usually viruses

*Peptides are expressed, but this class expresses viral infections

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7
Q

Where are NK cells found?

A

All over body, especially the periphery

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8
Q

T/F - NK cells will kill unless inhibited via an inhibitory receptor.

A

TRUE

Occurs when a normal, healthy cell expresses MHC I and inhibits activation from occurring

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9
Q

If a cell is lacking MHC I, what happens?

A

NK cell is activated and kills the cell

Cancer cells and cells affected by a pathogen that has caused the MHC to be not expressed

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10
Q

T/F - NK cells have an inhibitory receptor and a stimulatory receptor. If the stimulatory receptor is not overcome via the inhibitory receptor, the NK cell is activated.

A

TRUE

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11
Q

What happens when a cell is stressed?

A

NK cell receives more stimulating signals than inhibitory signals

*Virus infected cells

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12
Q

What 3 cell states regulate NK cell targeting?

A

Protection
-Healthy cells express both stimulating and inhibitory signals

Missing-self
-Unhealthy cells reduce MHC I expression

Induced-self
-Unhealthy cells increase stress ligand expression

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13
Q

T/F - To be inhibited, the stimulating signals must be overcome by inhibitory signals.

A

TRUE

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14
Q

What do cytokines do in NK cell killing?

A

Stimulating signals

Receptor expressing

Release IFNs, IL-12

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15
Q

Which receptors are activating?

Which receptors are inhibitory?

A

Activating

  • NKG2D
  • CD16 (Fc receptor)

Inhibitory

  • NKG2A
  • KIR Family
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16
Q

The activating receptors are structured how and what is their ligand structure?

  • NKG2D
  • CD16 (Fc receptor)
A 
NKG2D
-Receptor structure
—Lectin-like
-Ligand structure
—MHC Class I (Similar to that)
CD16
-Receptor structure
—Ig-like (2)
-Ligand structure
—Immunoglobulin
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17
Q

The inhibitory receptors have what structure and their ligands have what structure?

  • NKG2A
  • KIR Family
A 
NKG2A
-Receptor structure
—Lectin-like
-Ligand structure
—MHC Class I
KIR Family
-Receptor structure
—Ig-like (2 or 3)
-Ligand structure
—MHC Class I
18
Q

What are the 3 major NK cell receptor families?

A

CD16 (This is an override, the NK cell will be activated if this is bound)
-IgG Fc receptor
—Activating receptor

NKG Family

  • NKG2A - INHIBITORY - Binds MHC I
  • NKG2B - ACTIVATING - Binds MIC proteins

KIR (Killer-cell Ig-like Receptor) Family

  • INHIBITORY - Binds MHC I
  • Detects healthy self tissue*
19
Q

Inhibitory receptors recognize conventional _____ ___.

Activating receptors recognize ________ ________.

A

MHC I

Stress ligands

20
Q

Tell me 3 things about MHC education.

A

NK cells detect specific MHC I isotype

NK cells MUST detect that specific MHC I

NK cells ONLY detect that specific MHC I

21
Q

HLA- A, B, C receptors?

A

T and NK cell receptors

22
Q

HLA-E, G receptors?

A

NK cells

23
Q

HLA-F receptors?

A

Intracellular chaperone

24
Q

NK cells have activation and effector responses. Tell me the 3 activation responses.

A

1 - Target Cell Interaction

  • Downregged MHC I
  • Stress ligands
  • CD16

2 - Leukocyte interactions

  • Antigen presenting cells
  • Th cells
  • NKT cells

3 - Cytokines

  • IFNs, IL-12
  • Proliferation, Receptor expression, cytokine and granule production
25
Q

What are the 2 effector fxs of NK cells?

A

Cytokine release

Cytotoxicity

26
Q

Tell me how the NK cells are activated in the innate system.

A
  • 2 activating signals needed
  • MHC surveillance
  • Stress ligands
27
Q

Tell me how NK cells are activated in the adaptive system.

A

-SINGLE signal
—Fc receptor

-Ig targeting

28
Q

CD 4 cells interact with what MHC?

A

MHC II

29
Q

CD 8 and NK cells interact with what MHC?

A

MHC I

30
Q

In what 3 ways are NK cells cytotoxic?

A

1 - Degranulation
—Perforins - Cause holes
—Granzymes - Proteases thru holes - Induce apoptosis
—Work the same way as CD8

2 - Death-receptors
—FasLigand
—TRAIL

3 - Interferons and NO

31
Q

What to gamma:delta cells do?

A

Remove diseased and malignant cells
-Monitor tissue health

They sit in the mucosal epithelial layer and monitor the situations

32
Q

What unique antigens do gamma:delta bind?

A

Phosphoantigens

Phospholipids

Lipids

33
Q

Gamma:Delta cells have a similar activity as?

A

Both CD8 and CD4

CD8

  • Directly kill
  • Cytokine and chemokine release

CD4
-NK, macrophage, and DC activation

34
Q

Gamma:delta cells express ________ ligand receptors that can help to detect the presence and absence of MHC I.

A

Stress

-Promote tissue repair and homeostasis

35
Q

CD1 expresses self and non-self ________.

A

LIPIDS

Exquisite specificity

36
Q

Gamma:delta cell receptors interact with ______.

A

CD1

  • Discriminate self vs non-self
  • Activation, potential targeted killing
  • Co-signal dependent
37
Q

What 3 things do gamma:delta receptors bind?

A

Phospholipid receptors

MHC I-related receptors

Stress ligands

38
Q

T/F - Gamma:delta cells have a rapid response to local pathogens and disease.

A

TRUE

  • PAMPs
  • Stress ligands
39
Q

Do gamma:delta cells promote inflammation?

A

YOU BET THEY DO!

  • Th17 and Th1 activation
  • NK activation
40
Q

T/F - gamma:delta cells drive adaptive initiation.

A

TRUE

  • DC and macrophage stimulation
  • Direct presentation
41
Q

T/F - Gamma:delta cells are directly cytotoxic.

A

TRUE

  • Perforin and granzymes
  • CD16

Host And Defense - Exam 3 (15 decks)

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