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Host And Defense - Exam 3 > Exam 3 - German - Mucosal Immunity > Flashcards

Exam 3 - German - Mucosal Immunity Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 compartments of mucosal tissues?

A

Epi

  • Gamma:delta T cells
  • CD8 alpha:alpha T cells
  • Memory CD8 T cells

Lamina propria

  • Lymph tissue
  • Gamma:delta T cells
  • CD8 T cells
  • CD4 T cells
  • Plasma cells and B cells
  • Macrophages and dendritic cells

Mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
-Lymph node-like organization

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2
Q

T/F - Mucosal infections do not follow the traditional (classical) inflammatory cascade.

A

TRUE

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3
Q

Tell me the classic inflammatory response to an infection.

A

Bacteria introduced

Macrophages make inflammatory cytokines

Cytokines released by macrophages produce inflammation

Infection terminated leaving damaged/distorted tissue for repair

Repaired and healthy tissue

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4
Q

Tell me about the mucosal immunity response.

A

Bacteria access lamina propria via endocytosis

Macrophages activated BUT inflammation is not caused

Effector cells respond and DC go to lymph node and activate adaptive immunity

B and T cells colonize the infected area

Infection is terminated w/ minor tissue damage or no need for repair

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5
Q

T/F - Most mucosal infections are cleared w/o an inflammatory response.

A

TRUE

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6
Q

When does inflammation occur in mucosal immunity?

A

IF infection is severe, persists, and/or causes tissue damage.

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7
Q

What are 3 unique features of mucosal surfaces?

A

Anatomy
-Specialized antigen-uptake mechanisms (M cells in Peyer’s patches)

Effector mechanisms

  • IgA antibodies
  • Memory T cells

Immunoregulatory environment

  • Downregulation of immune responses
  • Inhibitory macrophages and tolerance-inducing DCs
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8
Q

T/F - Mucosal surfaces have unique microbiomes.

A

TRUE

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9
Q

T/F - Oral microbiome is diverse and changes w/ disease.

A

TRUE

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10
Q

During periodontal health, there is ______ diversity and richness of the oral microbiome.

During periodontal disease there is ___________ diversity and richness of the oral microbiome.

A

LOW

HIGH

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11
Q

T/F - The microbiome is constantly shaped at the mucosal surfaces.

A

TRUE

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12
Q

The microbiome influences CD__ T cell differentiation.

A

4

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13
Q

______-__ is prominent at mucosal surfaces.

A

TGF-Beta

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14
Q

TGF-Beta + no inflammatory cytokines = ?

TGF-Beta + inflammatory cytokines = ?

A

Treg

Th17

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15
Q

T/F - Treg cells inhibit mucosal inflammation.

A

TRUE

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16
Q

What 3 things do Th17 cells do?

A

PMN recruitment

Antimicrobial peptide production

Tissue repair

17
Q

What 2 ILs are released by Th17?

A

17

22

18
Q

IL-17 and IL-22 have what 3 effects?

A

Regulate tight junction protein expression
-Maintains barrier integrity

Induce antimicrobial peptide production

  • Beta-defensins
  • Cathelicidins
  • Lactoferrin

Induce PMN chemokine expression

19
Q

**Too much of Th17 results in what?

**Too little of Th17 results in what?

A

Overgrowth of bacterial communities - PERIODONTITIS

Overgrowth of fungi - ORAL CANDIDIASIS

20
Q

Tell me more about overgrowth of bacteria.**

A

*Increased IL-17 signaling corresponds to increased disease severity

Too many PMNs (so much that bacteria use the PMNs as a food source)

Chronic inflammatory cytokine production

Osteoclast activation

21
Q

Tell me more about the overgrowth of fungi.**

A

Persistent fungal infection of the skin, nails, and mucous membranes

Deficient IL-17 signaling*

Causes

  • Deficient IL-17 receptors
  • Impaired Th17 differentiation
  • Impaired Th17 development
22
Q

Ig secretion plays what 4 roles at the mucosal surface?

A

Pathogen neutralization

Toxin removal

Antigen browsing

Shapes microbiome

*Mostly IgA

23
Q

T/F - Mucosal antigens are constantly browsed.

A

TRUE

24
Q

What cells:
-Actively direct immune responses

  • Express TLR and NOD receptors
  • Form inflammasomes
  • Phagocytose mucosal bacteria
  • Express cytokines and antimicrobial peptides
  • Induce local immune responses

???

A

MUCOSAL EPITHELIAL CELLS

25
Q

T/F - Epithelial damage can promote mucosal inflammation.

A

TRUE

26
Q

What 2 inflammatory responses occur when established pathogens illicit them?

A

Pathogen evades mucosal immunity

Local macrophages and DCs are activated

  • PMNs recruited
  • Th17 and Th1 response

Host And Defense - Exam 3 (15 decks)

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