(QUIZ 7) Chapter 2: 12-14; 28-29; Chapter 3: 43-45, 48-49, 54; Chapter 9: 181-196

Question 1

Like guinea pigs and capybaras, primates cannot synthesize vitamin C

Answer 1

True

Question 2

Vitamin C deficiency will result in scurvy – bleeding nail beds and malformed nails are particularly problematic for hand-to-mouth feeding primates!

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The only primate that has not been observed eating fruit in the wild is the tarsier – it probably gets its vitamin C by being sneaky and eating fruit when primatologists are not looking.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Dietary sources of vitamin C include: most mammal livers, some insects and allies, some reptile kidneys, and fruit.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Broad & mixed diet plus fruit.

Answer 5

Omnivory

Question 6

Animal proteins plus fruit.

Answer 6

Insectivory-Faunivery

Question 7

Plant proteins plus fruit.

Answer 7

Folivory

Question 8

Fruits plus protein foods

Answer 8

Frugivory

Question 9

(How Common) Omnivory

Answer 9

Least Common

Question 10

(How Common) Frugivory

Answer 10

Most Common

Question 11

(How Common) Insectivory

Answer 11

Third Most Common

Question 12

(How Common) Folivory

Answer 12

Second Most Common

Question 13

Challenges involved with a diet high in animal proteins include

Answer 13

The small size of insects.

Anti-predator defenses

Question 14

Challenges involved with a diet high in foliage foods include:

Answer 14

High cellulose content
Low vitamin C content.
Anti-predator defenses.

Question 15

Challenges involved with a diet high in fruit include:

Answer 15

Low protein content.
Availability due to seasonality and distribution.
Exocarp covering.

Question 16

Challenges involved with an omnivorous diet may include:

Answer 16

Poor habitat.

Competition for foods.

Question 17

Narrow incisors with high and pointed cusps on premolars and molars.

Answer 17

Insectivory

Question 18

Narrow incisors with high and crested cusps on premolars and molars.

Answer 18

Folivory

Question 19

Broad and spatulate incisors with high and pointed cusps on premolars and molars

Answer 19

Omnivory

Question 20

Broad and spatulate incisors with high and crested cusps on premolars and molars.

Answer 20

Omnivory

Question 21

Broad and spatulate incisors with low and rounded cusps on premolars and molars.

Answer 21

Either Fruigivory Or Omnivory

Question 22

Match dietary type with body mass threshold.

Insectivory

Answer 22

500 grams or less

Question 23

Match dietary type with body mass threshold.

Omnivory

Answer 23

No Body mass threshold

Question 24

Match dietary type with body mass threshold.

Folivory

Answer 24

Above 500 grams

Question 25

Match dietary type with body mass threshold.

Frugivory

Answer 25

No body mass threshold

Question 26

Kay’s threshold for body mass does not apply to fugivorous and omnivorous primates.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Primates serve as seed dispersal agents for fruit.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Conspicuous omnivores live in habitats that are not rich in fruit.

Answer 28

False

Question 29

61% of all primate taxa are frugivorous to omnivorous.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

One of the most interesting adaptations for fruit consumption in primates involves suspensory foraging postures. This includes: hindlimb suspension, tail suspension, and forelimb suspension. The rarest forms are tail suspension which is restricted to a few platyrrhines and forelimb suspension which is restricted to hominoids.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

Some cercopithecoids can feed by prehensile-tail suspension.

Answer 31

False

Question 32

Hominoid suspensory adaptations involved modification of trunk length (loss of lumbar vertebrae), pectoral girdle rearrangement (increases range of motion at shoulder joints), and forelimb elongation (which increases swing length).

Answer 32

True

Question 33

The most interesting strepsirhine omnivore has got to be the aye-aye with its specialized skinny middle fingers and ever-growing incisors. It is adept at accessing hard-to-obtain foods.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Tarsiers are 100% faunivorous with voracious appetites that cannot be satisfied.

Answer 34

True

Question 35

Some primates have specializations for gummivory – these include some strepsirhines, the callitrichines, and some cercopithecoids.

Answer 35

False

Question 36

The mongoose lemur has an odd diet – there is no evidence that the species consumes plant or animal proteins.

Answer 36

True

Question 37

The most dietarily specialized lemurids are the bamboo lemurs; sympatry involves specializing on different parts of the giant grass plants

Answer 37

True

Question 38

Catarrhine body mass prevents insectivory-faunivory. The colobines have teeth and digestive systems designed for folivory. The cercopithecines range from frugivorous to omnivorous. Most hominoids are also frugivorous to omnivorous – the two exceptions are the siamang gibbon and mountain gorillas (both of whom are folivorous).

Answer 38

True