(QUIZ 10) Flashcards
In life history variables, in general, strepsirhines have shorter gestation, weaning, sexual maturity, and lifespans than haplorhines. However, in some variables they overlap with tarsiers and in others they overlap with anthropoid life history variables.
True
Once again, we can see that sexual dimorphism is most broadly expressed in catarrhines.
True
A relative large portion of the brain motor and sensory anatomy is dedicated to control of the fingers and independent digit control requires musculo-neural development. In humans, ot takes 6-16 years to achieve independent control of digits and there is a range of variation in the degree of dexterity finally achieved.
True
Primate hands and independent digit control are correlated in a number of surprising ways to primate social behaviors.
True
Strepsirhine and platyrrhine primates retain a primitive VNO system and are, therefore, as olfactory dependent as nonprimate mammals.
False
Pheromone sensitivity is pivotal human sexual behavior.
False
Once again tarsiers are intermediate in a set of characteristics – this time, they concern reproductive anatomy. Like strepsirhines, tarsiers have a bicornuate uterus (not the simplex uterus of other haplorhines). Like anthropoids, tarsiers have a hemochorial placenta (not the epitheliochoral placenta of other prosimians).
True
Pheromone reproductive communication in primates requires direct contact.
True
Galagid urine-washing of hands allows VNO reproductive communication in a noyau social system.
True
Tarsiers were once thought to be strictly noyau in social structure but we now recognize that some live in pair-bonded family groups.
True
Traits associated with greater visual dependence than in non-primate mammals and with primate hand-to-mouth feeding are also correlated with aspects of primate reproductive communication.
True
Like all haplorhines, tarsiers communicate reproductive state visually.
False
Callitrichine olfactory reproductive communication is not utilized to illicit copulations. Instead, it operates to suppress reproduction in some members of the communal breeding group.
True
Male tarisers in pair-bonded social groups, participate in childcare.
False
Callitrichines, like all platyrrhines, have an active VNO system but it is reduced in size.
True
In some respects, it would be fair to describe callitrichines as following the r-selected plan of rodents. Even though multiple neonates are produced by the breeding female of each group, on average, only two infants survive to adulthood.
True
The communal breeding system appears to have evolved to ensure that there are numerous alloparents available to contribute to the survival of one reproductive female’s overly large neonates.
True
Exceptions to the single breeding female rule among communal breeding callitichines are seen at places with plentiful resources. Even in these cases, one breeding female is higher-ranking and her neonates are more likely to survive.
True
Catarrhine reproductive communication is visual. Males have features that communicate fully adult male social status and younger adult males may have delayed maturation of these features. For many, not all, females anogenital swellings indicate sexual receptivity (estrous reproductive state).
True
Baboons have incredibly complex social systems. They range from large multimale-multifemale groups of most savanna baboons with the addition of unimale-multifemale groups of mountain living savanna chacma baboons to, finally, the incredible herds and troops of highland baboons who live in multimale-multifemale societies comprised of numerous small unimale-multifemale subgroups.
True
Baboons tend to be on the move, highly mobile, every day in a constant search for enough food to feed huge groups of large-bodied monkeys.
True
Most baboon males engage in a yawning behavior that displays large adult male canines but geladas (who have the most impressive male canines) engage in lip-flipping. Such displays advertise maleness to the entire group but young adult males have smaller canine sizes. This may reduce the risk of attracting unwanted attention from prime adult males.
True
Most baboon males engage in a yawning behavior that displays large adult male canines but geladas (who have the most impressive male canines) engage in lip-flipping. Such displays advertise maleness to the entire group but young adult males have smaller canine sizes. This may reduce the risk of attracting unwanted attention from prime adult males.
True
Savanna baboon female social rank is associated with distinct reproductive strategies for moms. Alpha females have better access to resources and, therefore, can afford to nurse their babies longer than lower-ranking females who must wean their offspring sooner.
False
