(QUIZ 12)

Question 1

According to the IUCN 2012 Primates in Peril report, 54% of primate taxa are classified in a threatened for extrinction category.

Answer 1

True

Question 2

According to IUCN conservationists, the leading causes of primate extinction include: habitat destruction, illegal wildlife trade, commercial bush meat hunting

Answer 2

True

Question 3

The leading causes of primate extinction are driven by natural processes.

Answer 3

False

Question 4

Mittermeier argues that the best “flagship” species for saving the tropical rainforest biome are primates.

Answer 4

True

Question 5

A “flagship” species is one whose conservation improves the likelihood of the conservation of a biome.

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Three excellent primate “flagship” conservation candidates in the Philippines include: galagos, tarsiers, crab-eating macaques.

Answer 6

False

Question 7

Thanks to the lengthy juvenile development, social learning requirements, and loss of habitat … primate conservation is not based on captive animal re-introduction.

Answer 7

True

Question 8

Adoption of classroom primate mascots can enhance local conservation success.

Answer 8

True

Question 9

In some places, more than one flagship species should be used. For example, Madagascar has numerous microhabitats and multiple primates should be added as flagship species to the current ring-tailed lemur flagship.

Answer 9

True

Question 10

If diners knew about the conservation status and adorable faces of crowned lemurs, they might think twice before eating them in luxury restaurants.

Answer 10

True

Question 11

According to The Center for Biological Diversity, the natural “background” rate of extinction occurs at a rate of one to five species per year. Current estimates suggest that we are now losing species at a rate 1,000 to 10,000 times the natural background rate – literally, dozens of extinct every day

Answer 11

True

Question 12

The Amboseli vervet population provides an excellent example of human caused extinction. This is due to the fact that fever trees have been chopped down in order to construct housing.

Answer 12

False

Question 13

The life cycle of fever trees has an impact on vervet population numbers and the demise of the acacias can, at least temporarily, favor leopards.

Answer 13

True

Question 14

Vervet reluctance to leave a the Amboseli grassland habitat, even in the face of predator pressure, reflects a strong preference for the familiar.

Answer 14

True

Question 15

It is fair to say that India has a complex relationship with nonhuman primates that pits traditional Hindu values against the stresses of modern living.

Answer 15

True

Question 16

The God Hanuman is represented today solely by the sacred langur.

Answer 16

False

Question 17

One of the best stories about Hanuman, the Monkey God, is that he chased the sun across the sky everyday because he thought that it was ripened fruit!

Answer 17

True

Question 18

Tolerance of monkeys in India is a product of the traditional Hindu reverence of Hanuman – monkeys are the personification of this god

Answer 18

True

Question 19

In India, rhesus macaques and sacred langurs are found in wild, agricultural, sacred, and urban spaces.

Answer 19

True

Question 20

Temple monkeys in India are provisioned and soon populations expand outside of the temples and into neighborhoods. Their population sizes can then expand beyond human tolerance.

Answer 20

True

Question 21

Sacred langurs, like most folivores, are picky-eaters restricted to arboreal habitats.

Answer 21

False

Question 22

Normally sacred langurs form M:FF social groups. However, when population size becomes too large, sacred langurs adopt a social structure like that of highland baboons – numerous M:FF subuniits within a larger MM:FF troop. Unlike highland baboons, sacred langur males cannot control (kidnap, lure) female sacred langurs because they are born into lifetime matrilineal societies.

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Since female sacred langurs stay within their natal groups from birth to death, bachelor males must engage in group take-overs in order to replace an established sentry as the leader of a M:FF group. These events are violent and subadults sometime die due to proximity to their mothers or attraction to the excitement.

Answer 23

True

Question 24

Whereas some view the accidental death of subadults during sacred langur take-over events as evidence in support of “infanticide” as a selective force, others view these relatively rare outcomes as a product of overpopulation under urbanized conditions.

Answer 24

True

Question 25

When subadult sacred langurs are lost due to reproductive actions, it is the antithesis of adaptive behavior

Answer 25

True

Question 26

Southwick and Sidiqqi nicely demonstrate how, despite geographic breadth in distribution and high population numbers, rhesus monkeys are in trouble in India.

Answer 26

True

Question 27

Biomedical interest in rhesus macaques is due to: human similarity in physiology, genetics, disease; fast reproductive rates, ease of maintenance.

Answer 27

True

Question 28

Beginning in the 1950s, over 100,000 rhesus macaques were exported annually from India for biomedical research in the United States and Europe. Unnfortunately, as the census work of Southwick and Sidiqqi demonstrates, rhesus populations could not sustain continuation of those losses.

Answer 28

True

Question 29

Following culling for biomedical research, Indian rhesus populations were fragmented and natural demographic numbers had been altered.

Answer 29

True

Question 30

In India, loss of forest habitat had driven rhesus macaques into human habtats.

Answer 30

True

Question 31

As rhesus macaques forced human cohabitation in cities, monkey-human conflict increased.

Answer 31

True

Question 32

The human element is crucial to primate conservation – local people can create local conservation success stories!

Answer 32

True

Question 33

In the case of macaque populatons, conservation requires monkey management in urban areas in India and in other places such as the Philippines.

Answer 33

True

Question 34

In the case of India’s rhesus macaques, primate is an anthropological concern that can improve the lives of both the monkeys and the humans with whom they coexist.

Answer 34

True