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Pharmacology III > Quiz 7 > Flashcards

Quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

What meds can cause insomnia?

A
  1. Quinolone abx
  2. SSRIs
  3. Decongestants
  4. Dopamine agonists
  5. Ethanal
  6. Oral contraceptives
  7. Thyroid meds
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2
Q

Non-Benzos for sleep

A
  1. Ambien (Zolpidem)
  2. Sonata (Zaleplon)
  3. Lunesta (Eszopiclone)

No effect on sleep stages

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3
Q

Which non-benzos can you use long-term for sleep?

A

Lunesta (Eszopiclone) & XR Ambien (Zolpidem)

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4
Q

What are the benzos for sleep?

A
  1. Restoril - Temazepam
  2. ProSom - Estazolam
  3. Dalmane - Flurazepam
  4. Doral - Quazepam
  5. Halcion - Triazolam
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5
Q

Benzo sleep aids affects on stages?

A
  1. Dec. sleep latency
  2. Dec. awakenings
  3. REM shortened
  4. # of REM cycles inc.
  5. Sleep time inc.
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6
Q

Contraindications to benzo sleep aids?

A

Obstructive sleep apnea

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7
Q

ADRs Rozerem

A

Melatonin receptor agonist

  1. Dec. testosterone
  2. Inc. prolactin
  3. Dec. libido
  4. Disruption of meses
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8
Q

OTC Sleep aids

A
  1. Nytol - Diphenhydramine
  2. NiteTime Sleep Aid - Doxylamine

Only work if Pt sensitive, can develop tolerance

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9
Q

What is the FDA warning with sleep aids?

A

Anaphylaxis & angioedema

Sleep driving, telephone calls, cooking & eating

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10
Q

What drugs should you avoid with epilepsy?

A
  1. Benzos
  2. Opiates
  3. Antipsychotics
  4. Alcohol
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11
Q

What are the Eugeroics for sleep apnea & how do they work?

A
  1. Provigil - Modafinil
  2. Ritalin - Methylphenidate
  3. Dexedrine - Amphetamines

Inc. dopamine levels at synaptic cleft

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12
Q

Who shouldn’t take Eugeroics?

A
  1. Cardiac Pts
  2. HTN - careful
  3. Psych Pts
  4. Kiddos
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13
Q

Tx for cataplexy?

A

REM sleep-suppressing drugs

NE or SSRIs

  1. Venlaxafine
  2. Fluoxetine
  3. Atomoxetine
  4. Sodium oxybate
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14
Q

Non- pharm Tx for restless legs

A
  1. Check iron
  2. Moderate regular exercise
  3. Leg massage w/ pneumatic compression
  4. Heat
  5. Mental alerting activities at times of rest/boredom
  6. Avoid aggravating factors
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15
Q

Meds to Tx restless legs

A
  1. Dopamine agonists (Requip, Mirapex)
  2. Benzos (Diazepam, Clonazepam)
  3. Alpha-2-delta Ca channel ligands (Gabapentin, Pregabalin)
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16
Q

What are the dopamine agonists for restless legs?

A
  1. Requip (Ropinirole)

2. Mirapex (Pramipexole)

17
Q

Describe the 3 compartments for fluids

A
  1. Normal distribution btwn ECF & ICF
  2. Accumulation w/in interstitial components
  3. Accumulation in parts of body where it’s not available for exchange btwn compartments
18
Q

Crystalloid IVF

A

Substance in soln can diffuse through semipermeable membrane
Electrolyte containing soln made to match the biochemical & osmotic features of the plasma

19
Q

Colloids IVF

A

Soln that contain high molecular wt proteins & electrolytes
Unable to diffuse through normal capillary membranes
-Used for 3rd compartmentalizing
-Salt, sugar & water

20
Q

What are the standard isotonic IVF?

A
  1. 0.9% sodium chloride

2. Lactated ringers

21
Q

What are the standard Hypotonic IVF?

A
  1. 0.45% sodium chloride

2. 5% dextrose solution

22
Q

What are the standard Hypertonic IVF?

A
  1. 3% sodium chloride - needs intense monitoring

2. 5/25% albumin - big pull from intracellular space w/ possible cell damage

23
Q

Sodium & Osmolarity of 0.9% sodium chloride solution?

A

Na - 154

Osm - 304

24
Q

At what level do you begin correcting for hyponatremia?

A

<130

25
Q

What are the water soluble vitamins?

A
  1. Thiamine - B1
  2. Riboflavin - B2
  3. Niacin - B3
  4. Calcium pantothenate - B5
  5. Pyridoxine - B6
  6. Cyanocobalamin - B12
  7. Ascorbic acid - C
26
Q

What vitamin plays a big role in neuronal excitability?

A

Pyridoxine - B6

27
Q

Fat soluble vitamins?

A
  1. Retinol - A
  2. Cholecalciferol - D
  3. Tocopherol - E
  4. Phytonadione - K
28
Q

What does selenium do?

A

Free radical defense & antioxidative

29
Q

Types of drugs for urinary incontinence

A
  1. Antimuscarinics - Ditropan (Oxybutynin)
  2. Adrenergic agonists - Myrbetriq (Mirabegron)
  3. Imipramine (Tofranil)
  4. Botox
30
Q

Contraindications for Oxybutynin

A

Antimuscarinic for urinary incontinence

  1. Angle-closure glaucoma
  2. Gastric retention

Pharmacology III (20 decks)

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