Quiz 2 Flashcards
Which sites do HSV 1 & 2 prefer?
1 - latent in trigeminal ganglia
2 - latent in sacral ganglia
What are the meds for herpes & how do they work & drug forms?
- Acyclovir - Zovirax
- oral, topical, IV - Valacyclovir - Valtrex
- only oral
Prodrugs - prevent viral shedding
What is the MCC of severe diarrhea in children?
Rotavirus
Fecal-oral transmission
Who gets the rotavirus vaccine & how do you treat when you get it?
3 dose regimen to infants 6-32 wks
Self limiting - rehydration
What type of virus is RSV?
RNA
Readily inactivated w/ soap, water & disinfectants
MCC of bronchiolitis & PNA in kids <1yr
What is the vaccine & Tx for RSV?
Palivizumab - Synagis
Tx - Ribavirin aerosol
What are the 3 environments TB likes to be in?
- Extracellular - w/in lung cavities
- Inside granulomas
- W/in macrophages
What phase do TB drugs target?
Growth phase
What is typical therapy for TB?
8 weeks of
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
- Pyrazinamide
- Ethambutol
Followed by 16 wks of:
- Rifampin
- Isoniazid
Can you use TB therapy in pregnant ladies & kids?
Pregnant ladies - yes
Kids - don’t use Ethambutol <5y/o
What is the most common side effect of all TB drugs?
Hepatotoxicity!!!
How does isoniazid work?
For TB
interferes w/ mycolic acid (cell wall)
What is the problem w/ slow/fast acetylators & isoniazid?
Slow - drug levels rise & may cause peripheral neuropathy
Fast - Make more metabolite & may cause hepatotoxicity
What drug interactions should you consider with isoniazid?
2C19 & 2D6
Careful w/ MAOIs
What drugs cause your tears to turn red?
Rifampin - TB Tx
Bactericidal
Used in active TB
Also urine & breast milk
How does ethambutol work?
Active TB Tx
Inhibits cell wall synthesis
Bacteriostatic
How does pyrazinamide work?
Active TB Tx
Effects ATP - disrupts plasma membrane & energy metabolism
Bactericidal
ADRs ethambutol
- Optic neuritis - dec. acuity, scotoma, color blindness, visual defects
- Hepatotoxicity
- GI
ADRs pyrazinamide
- Hyperuricemia
- Hepatotoxicity
- Loss of glycemic control
- GI
How does streptomycin work?
Aminoglycoside abx
Interrupts formation of proteins
Injectable only