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biochem > quiz 7 > Flashcards

quiz 7 Flashcards

1
Q

for step 0 of cac
substrate:
product:
enzyme

A

pyruvate, CoA, NAD+
NADH, acetyl CoA
pyruvate dehydrogenase complex
also uses TPP, lipoate, FAD

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2
Q

how is pyruvate transported to the mitochondria

A

tramsmembrane transporter proteins

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3
Q

what does a low EC mean

A

pyruvate is metabolized by pyruvate dehydrogenase and acetyl CoA and CO2 is formed

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4
Q

what are the 5 enzymes needed for step 0

A

NAD+/NADH
FAD/FADH2
CoA
TPP
a-lipoic acid

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5
Q

describe NAD+

A

derived from niacin (B3)
transfers 2e- at once leaving H-
pellagra is a B3 deficiency

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6
Q

describe FAD

A

derived from riboflavin (B2)
reduced to FADH2 by transferring 2e-
transfers one e- at a time when
cheilosis is a B2 deficiency

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7
Q

describe CoA

A

derived from panthothenic acid (B5)
cofactor for fatty acid, acetyl choline, heme, cholesterol
required for energy conversion in cac
a deficiency is rare

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8
Q

how does CoA cross the membrane

A

CoA is degraded by enzymes to B5
crosses membrane and reverts to CoA
ATP and cys are added

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9
Q

describe TPP

A

derived from thiamine (B1)
absorbed in gut and phosphorylated
beriberi is a B1 deficiency

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10
Q

describe a-lipoic acid

A

synthesized in plants and animals (esp broccoli, liver, spinach, tomatoes)
provides disulphide for redox rxn
receives acetyl from TPP and transfers it to CoA

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11
Q

describe rxn 0

A

occurs before cycle begins
irreversible
pyruvate changes to acetyl CoA

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12
Q

define oxidation

A

loss of e-

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13
Q

define reduction

A

gain of e-

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14
Q

define oxidant

A

oxidize other molecules, accepts e-, reduced

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15
Q

define reductant

A

reduce other molecules
donates e-
oxidized

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16
Q

define coupled rxn

A

combined 2 half rxns with a common intermediate

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17
Q

standard reduction potential

A
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18
Q

free energy

A
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19
Q

which steps are regulated

A

0, 1, 3, and 4

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20
Q

what is the net rxn for CAC

A

acetyl CoA + 3NAD+ + FAD + GDP + Pi + 2H2O —-> CoA + 2CO2 + 3NADH + 3H+ + FADH2 + GTP

21
Q

step 1
substrate:
product:
enzyme

A

acetyl CoA, oxaloacetate, H2O
citrate, CoA
citrate synthase

22
Q

step 2
substrate:
product:
enzyme

A

citrate
isocitrate
aconistase

23
Q

step 3
substrate:
product:
enzyme

A

isocitrate, NAD+
a-ketogluterate, NADH, CO2
isocitrate dehydrogenase

24
Q

step 4
substrate:
product:
enzyme

A

a-ketogluterate, NAD+, CoA-SH
succinyl-CoA, NADH, CO2
a-ketogluterate dehydrogenase

25
Q

step 5
substrate:
product:
enzyme

A

succinyl-CoA, Pi, GDP
succinate, CoA, GTP
succinyl-CoA synthetase

26
Q

step 6
substrate:
product:
enzyme

A

succinate, FAD
fumarate, FADH2
succinate dehydrogenase

27
Q

step 7
substrate:
product:
enzyme

A

fumarate, H2O
malate
fumerase

28
Q

step 8
substrate:
product:
enzyme

A

malate, NAD+
oxaloacetate, NADH+H+
malate dehydrogenase

29
Q

what is the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase

A

regulated by energy charge

30
Q

what is citric acid used for

A

commercial food preservation

31
Q

how is redox power generated

A

oxidizing acetyl CoA and reducing NAD and FAD

32
Q

how many intermediates are shared by other pathways

A

5

33
Q
A
34
Q

where does the majority of ATP come from

A

oxidative phosphorylation

35
Q

what is oxidative phosphorylation powered by

A

chemiosmosis

36
Q

define chemiosmosis

A

chemical osmosis
pumps protons

37
Q

define crista

A

folds of the inner membrane where ATP synthase occurs

38
Q

define matrix

A

aqueous interior of mitochondria where CAC occurs

39
Q

how is ATP produced

A

when H+ flows through ATP synthase

40
Q

describe slow muscle twitches

A

aerobic energy
long periods of
more mitochondria

41
Q

describe fast muscle twitches

A

aerobic energy
short bursts
less mitochondria

42
Q

describe chloroplast in the plant cells

A

analogous to mitochondria
uses light energy
circuit is flipped

43
Q

what is potential energy modified to

A

work

44
Q

define ATP synthase

A

motor that preforms work

45
Q

define uncoupler

A

circuit continues but via an alternate route

46
Q

define inhibitor

A

blocks circuit and stops the floe

47
Q

what does uncoupleS oxidative phosphorylation do

A

allows H+ to flow without ATP synthase

48
Q

what does a low pH cause? a high pH?

A

pronation
depreciation

49
Q

define oligomycin

A

blocks protein circuit
creates a high pH in matrix
causes cellular death

biochem (11 decks)

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