quiz 7 Flashcards
Which of the following is an antimicrobial target unique to fungi?
A. Transpeptidation
B. Mitochondria
C. Ergosterol
D. 80S ribosome
C. Ergosterol
Dormancy is a result of all of the following EXCEPT
A. the stringent response.
B. TA modules.
C. ineffective efflux pumps.
D. phenotypic heterogeneity.
C. ineffective efflux pumps.
Why are secondary or ʺboosterʺ reimmunizations given?
A. Frequent secondary reimmunizations are needed because the immune system doesn’t remember antigens for more than a few years.
B. Secondary immunizations are necessary for an innate immune response.
C. Secondary reimmunizations produce a secondary immune response and boost (higher) antibody titers.
D. Secondary reimmunizations produce a phagocytic immune response that is longer lasting than the primary immune response.
C. Secondary reimmunizations produce a secondary immune response and boost (higher) antibody titers.
Antibody titer can be measured by
A. plate counts done after isolating the pathogen.
B. negative microscopy.
C. polymerase chain reaction.
D. agglutination.
D. agglutination.
A mechanism for penicillin resistance in bacteria is
A. confirmation change of the antibiotic.
B. phosphorylation of the antibiotic.
C. splitting the β-lactam ring of the antibiotic
D. acetylation of the antibiotic.
C. splitting the β-lactam ring of the antibiotic
Individuals with severe combined immunodeficiency syndrome (SCID) have a genetic defect that prevents proper formation and expression of immunoglobulins and T cells and therefore lack adaptive immunity.
T/F
T
In checkpoint inhibition therapy, which of the following is a protein targeted by therapeutic monoclonal antibodies?
A. Neoantigen
B. B7
C. PD-1
D. CD28
C. PD-1
A disease present at a constant low level in a population is described as
A. common source.
B. endemic.
C. epidemic.
D. zoonotic.
B. endemic.
Which of the following is an example of herd immunity?
A. If 70% of the population is immunized against polio, the disease will be essentially absent from the population.
B. Brucellosis is no longer found in farm animals in the United States.
C. Federal law requires that all cattle not immune to anthrax be destroyed.
D. All farm animals used for food must be immunized against all the common agents of disease that infect humans.
A. If 70% of the population is immunized against polio, the disease will be essentially absent from the population.
The first true antibiotic to be characterized was a
A. Quinolone.
B. Streptomycin
C. Cephalosporin.
D. Penicillin
D. Penicillin
Superantigens activate more T cells than a normal immune response.
T/F
T
The antitoxin component of TA modules helps ensure survival during stressful growth conditions.
T/F
F
The number of ill individuals within a population is referred to as
A. prevalence.
B. residency.
C. mortality.
D. morbidity.
D. morbidity.
Why is the presence of a cell wall significant from a clinical standpoint?
A. The cell wall protects microorganisms from destruction by the immune system.
B. All types of cells have a cell wall, and it makes identification of the causative agent of disease difficult.
C. Only gram-negative Bacteria have cell walls.
D. Animal cells do not have cell walls, so antibiotics that target cell walls can selectively destroy invading microorganisms.
D. Animal cells do not have cell walls, so antibiotics that target cell walls can selectively destroy invading microorganisms.
________ is used to monitor gene expression of a pathogen.
A. Reverse transcription PCR
B. Serology
C. Qualitative PCR
D. Antigen capture assay
A. Reverse transcription PCR
A diagnostic test for M. tuberculosis exposure
A. uses an antiserum to detect antibodies in the blood that are only formed if there has been previous exposure to M. tuberculosis antigens.
B. relies on previous tuberculin vaccination.
C. relies on an innate immune response that occurs only if there has been previous exposure to M. tuberculosis antigens
D. detects an inflammatory reaction that occurs if there has been previous exposure to M. tuberculosis antigens.
D. detects an inflammatory reaction that occurs if there has been previous exposure to M. tuberculosis antigens.
Which of the following immunogens is most effective as a vaccine?
A. Killed virus
B. Chemically inactivated bacteria
C. Toxoid
D. Live virus
D. Live virus
How can bacteria become resistant to antibiotics?
A. Development of a resistant biochemical pathway
B. All answers are correct
C. Pump out the antibiotic (efflux)
D. Modify the target of the antibiotic
B. All answers are correct
A disease that is present in unusually high numbers throughout the world is called?
A. an epidemic.
B. an endemic.
C. a pandemic.
D. a sporadic.
C. a pandemic.
All of the following are targets of currently used antibiotics EXCEPT
A. transcription.
B. biofilm formation.
C. DNA synthesis.
D. translation.
B. biofilm formation.
Potential candidates for biological warfare
A. must be genetically engineered to be effective.
B. are eukaryotic rather than prokaryotic.
C. are generally gram-negative rather than gram-positive.
D. can be virtually any pathogenic bacterium or virus.
D. can be virtually any pathogenic bacterium or virus.
Which of the following immunological tests would allow the specific identification of a microorganism directly in infected tissues?
A. Agglutination
B. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (EIA)
C. Fluorescent antibody (FA)
D. Radioimmunoassay (RIA)
C. Fluorescent antibody (FA)
Which statement is correct ( true) about attenuated vaccines?
A. Attenuated vaccines are produced by “killing” the virus.
B. Live–attenuated vaccines are typically the most effective type of vaccine.
C. Because of the loss of virulence in attenuated vaccines, the risk of infection is minimal to immunocompromised patients.
D. The Salk polio vaccine is the classic example of an attenuated vaccine.
B. Live–attenuated vaccines are typically the most effective type of vaccine.
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an example of a disease caused by type ________ hypersensitivity.
A. IV
B. II
C. III
D. I
C. III
Which stage of an acute infectious disease occurs between the time the organism begins to grow in the host and the appearance of disease symptoms?
A. Decline period
B. Acute period
C. Incubation period
D. Infection
C. Incubation period
