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cmb 211 > quiz 6 > Flashcards

quiz 6 Flashcards

1
Q

An outer coat consisting of a dense, well-defined polymer layer surrounding a cell and used in attachment is called a

A. lipopolysaccharide layer.
B. pilus.
C. capsule.
D. cytoplasmic membrane.

A

C. capsule.

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2
Q

Which of the following are molecular mediators of inflammation?

A. Both chemokines and cytokines
B. Immunoglobulins
C. Lipopolysaccharide
D. Erythrocytes

A

A. Both chemokines and cytokines

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3
Q

Diphtheria toxin is

A. a superantigen toxin
B. a cytolytic toxin.
C. an AB toxin.
D. a type of endotoxin.

A

C. an AB toxin.

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4
Q

When triggered, the result of complement activation includes:

A. Inflammation and recruitment of phagocytes
B. Opsonization
C. Formation of the membrane attack complex
D. All answers are correct

A

D. All answers are correct

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5
Q

What is the primary benefit to phototrophic microorganisms associated with corals?

A. The water temperature in and around the coral skeleton is much warmer than elsewhere.
B. The coral skeleton is used as a source of bicarbonate for the autotrophic growth of the phototrophs.
C. The coral skeleton is an extremely efficient light-gathering structure that greatly enhances light harvesting for photosynthesis.
D. Calcium and carbonate ions are released, which help buffer the pH and prevent dramatic pH shifts.

A

C. The coral skeleton is an extremely efficient light-gathering structure that greatly enhances light harvesting for photosynthesis.

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6
Q

The decrease or loss of virulence of a pathogen is referred to as

A. aging.
B. attenuation.
C. lethal dose.
D. disinfectivity.

A

B. attenuation.

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7
Q

The vagina of an adult female is

A. weakly acidic.
B. weakly alkaline
C. highly alkaline.
D. highly acidic.

A

A. weakly acidic.

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8
Q

Which of these microorganisms is most likely to be found in the human stomach?

A. Streptococcus mutans
B. Streptococcus sobrinus
C. Helicobacter pylori
D. Roseobacter denitrificans

A

C. Helicobacter pylori

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9
Q

Which of the following is TRUE about the comparison between the mouse gut and the human gut?

A. The stomach is relatively larger in mice.
B. The esophagus and stomach are relatively larger in mice.
C. The small intestine is relatively larger in mice.
D. The cecum is relatively larger in mice.

A

D. The cecum is relatively larger in mice.

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10
Q

Natural Killer cells are activated when they bind to a cell without _____.

A. IL-12
B. CD8
C. Class I MHC molecules
D. Stress proteins

A

C. Class I MHC molecules

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11
Q

Which of the following is NOT true of human gut microbes?

A. They produce and excrete amino acids.
B. They help utilize polysaccharides.
C. The population size is low, but the diversity is high.
D. They are involved in the maturing” of the digestive tract.”

A

C. The population size is low, but the diversity is high.

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12
Q

Infants born via C-section have

A. approximately 99% of the species present matching those of their mothers.
B. Far less Proteobacteria than infants born vaginally.
C. relatively less Staphylococcus and Streptococcus ( ie Firmicutes) than those born vaginally.
D. fewer Bacteroides species than those born vaginally.

A

D. fewer Bacteroides species than those born vaginally.

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13
Q

The rumen is an ________ habitat that depends on ________ to digest cellulose for ruminant animals.

A. aerobic / cellulolytic fungi
B. anaerobic / methanogens
C. anaerobic / cellulolytic and fermentative bacteria
D. aerobic / cellulolytic and fermentative bacteria

A

C. anaerobic / cellulolytic and fermentative bacteria

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14
Q

Which of the following subunit is responsible for toxicity in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)?

A. Lipid A
B. O-specific polysaccharide
C. M protein
D. Core polysaccharide

A

A. Lipid A

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15
Q

While rhizobia usually associate with plant roots, nodules can also be formed along the stems of leguminous plants.

T/F

A

T

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16
Q

Where are ectomycorrhizae most highly developed?

A. Boreal and temperate forests
B. Tropical rain forests
C. Tundra
D. Tropical dry forests

A

A. Boreal and temperate forests

17
Q

Plant root nodules are

A. formed from gall-rotting bacteria that decompose plant roots.
B. structures created by fungi and are found in all agricultural crops.
C. harmful to plants, because the bacteria outcompete the plants for nutrients.
D. sites where nitrogen fixation occurs.

A

D. sites where nitrogen fixation occurs.

18
Q

Consortia of a phototrophic green sulfur bacteria and motile heterotrophs are found worldwide in stratified sulfidic freshwater lakes.

T/F

A

T

19
Q

The classical component is activated directly by bacterial cell surface components and is considered an effector of the innate immune response.

T/F

A

F

20
Q

Phagocytes have a pathogen-recognition system known as ________ that leads to the recognition, containment, and destruction of a pathogen.

A. pattern recognition receptors (PRR)
B. fibrin
C. pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)
D. collagen

A

A. pattern recognition receptors (PRR)

21
Q

Two organisms that both benefit from each other are in a symbiotic relationship called

A. mutualism.
B. commensalism.
C. Parasitism
D. ammensalism.

A

A. mutualism.

22
Q

Numerically dominant gut phyla include:

A. Clostridium difficile
B. Staphylococcus
C. E.coli
D. Bacteroidetes

A

D. Bacteroidetes

23
Q

The function of leghemoglobin in root nodules is to

A. bind oxygen.
B. chelate iron.
C. produce iron.
D. produce nitrogen.

A

A. bind oxygen.

24
Q

All of the following are functions of interferons, EXCEPT that __________.

A. they mobilize natural killer cells
B. they interfere with viral replication in affected cells
C. they are not virus-specific
D. they are naturally occurring small cytokine proteins

A

B. they interfere with viral replication in affected cells

25
Q

Each TLR on a human phagocyte recognizes and can interact with more than one PAMP.

T/F

A

F

26
Q

Pathogenicity is the ability

A. of the host to inflict damage on the pathogen.
B. None of these are correct.
C. of the host to resist damage by the pathogen.
D. of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host.

A

D. of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host.

27
Q

Fever is induced at the systemic level by ________, which is an endogenous pyrogen.

A. IL-6
B. IL-12
C. CXCL8
D. CCL2

A

A. IL-6

28
Q

Which statement is correct about Rumen Microbe relationships?

A. Rumen microbes synthesize carbohydrates for their animal host but obtain vitamins needed from their animal host.
B. Rumen alkalosis ( increasing pH in the rumen) is one consequence of an abrupt change in a an animal’s diet resulting in changes in rumen flora.
C. Aerobic bacteria dominate the rumen.
D. Rumen microorganisms often detoxify plant metabolites, which enables cattle to eat a more varied diet

A

D. Rumen microorganisms often detoxify plant metabolites, which enables cattle to eat a more varied diet

29
Q

Which of the following is the most common probiotics?

A. Bifidobacterium species
B. Corynebacterium species
C. Escherichia coli
D. Clostridium species

A

A. Bifidobacterium species

30
Q

DiGeorge’s syndrome is a developmental defect that prevents the maturation of the thymus. What cell type would be reduced by this condition?

A. T cells
B. B cells
C. Macrophages
D. Lymphocytes

A

A. T cells

31
Q

What is the role of the vir genes on a Ti plasmid?

A. To confer resistance to viral infection
B. To initiate replication of the plasmid
C. To cause crown gall disease (virulence)
D. To allow T-DNA transfer

A

D. To allow T-DNA transfer

32
Q

Staphylococcus aureus produces ________, leading to fibrin clots that protect them from attack by host cells.

A. collagenase
B. amylase
C. coagulase
D. lipase

A

C. coagulase

33
Q

Cells that can engulf foreign particles, and can ingest, kill, and digest most bacterial pathogens are called

A. red blood cells.
B. reticulocytes.
C. phagocytes.
D. resistant cells.

A

C. phagocytes.

34
Q

Blood serum contains cells and clotting proteins.

T/F

A

F

35
Q

Communication between cells of the immune system is accomplished in many cases through

A. cytokines.
B. allelic exclusion, clonal deletion, and cytokines.
C. allelic exclusion.
D. clonal deletion.

A

A. cytokines.

cmb 211 (8 decks)

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