Quiz Flashcards
Which of the following is a constitutional risk for atherosclerosis? A. Hypertension B. Aging C. Smoking D. Diabetes mellitus
Aging
characteristics of Monckberg’s medial calcific sclerosis?
Attacks media layer of arteries
involves arteries of genital organs
What is the minimum amount of lumen obstruction that results in ischemic heart disease
75%
Which organism is most common agent for acute bacterial endocarditis
Staphylococcus aureus
Which heart valve is frequently damaged by acute bacterial endocarditis
Aortic valve
Areas involved in angina pectoralis
Left arm
neck
left scapula
How does ischemic heart pain manifest
Diffuse retrosternal pain
Hydronephrosis is
Inflammation of renal pelvis and kidney tissue
On examining stomach in postmortem specimen single round small lesion with sloping distal end and raised proximal, floor is necrotic, and bass is indurated and deep. This is characteristic lesion indicating the infection by?
Gastric ulcer
H pylori
Left atrial hypertrophy, chronic vascular congestion of lung, and pulmonary hypertension could be possible effects and complications of which condition?
Mitral valve stenosis
Rheumatic fever is predisposed by:
Repeated group a hemolytic streptococci all infections of upper respiratory tract
Inherited abnormal body responds to streptococcal infections
Ischemia of myocardium
Which type of necrosis is associated with brain infarction
Liquefactive
Achalasia of pylorus in newborn infant is associated with?
Inability to store sugar as glycogen
Mechanisms involved in development of glomerulonephritis
Circulating immune complex mediated tight
formation of antibodies against fixed antigens of glomerular basement membrane
formation of antibodies against antigens of visceral epithelial cells and podocyte antigens
Microscopic lesions that are characteristic of rheumatic fever
Aschoff’s nodules
What groups are at risk of developing a rheumatic fever
Children born with recessive gene predisposition to group a beta hemolytic streptococcus
Rheumatic fever is allergic condition calmly manifesting inflammation in which locations in adults
Big joints
What Valvular lesion immediately initiates ischemic reactions?
Aortic stenosis
Left atrial hypertrophy is associated with what valvular conditions?
Mitral stenosis
Coronary and cerebral insufficiency, ischemic pains and pulmonary hypertension, could be associated with what valve lesions?
Mitral stenosis
What is the most common valve lesion
Mitral stenosis
Megaloblastic anemia is due to?
Absence or decrease of maturation factor released at stomach affecting vitamin B 12 absorption in the small intestine
Effects of stomach cancer
Hematemesis and melena
Anorexia, anemia, and asthenia
Perforation
Most common location of active myocardial infarction
Anterior portion of interventricular septum him and adjacent left ventricular wall
From which would’ve won most likely culture group a beta hemolytic streptococci
Mitral valve
Complications of gastric ulcer
Malignant change
Hematemesis and Melena
Hour glass stomach
Penetration or perforation
Most common location of stomach cancer
Pylorus
Nephrotic syndrome as manifested by?
Heavy albuminurea, hypoproteinemia with reversion of albumin/ globulin ratio
Pathogenesis in chronic peptic ulcer formation
Mechanical Theory—> irritation and damage by food
Neurogenic theory—> nerve damage leads to overstimulation
Endocrinology theory —> hypersecretion
Acute cystitis is more common among
Pregnant females
Herniation of stomach into thorax accompanied by esophageal reflux bleeding and anemia could be resulting from
Neuromuscular in coordination of esophageal opening in diaphragm
Group of kidney diseases affecting glomeruli causing thickening of the basement membrane and loss of foot processes manifesting heavy albuminuria hypoproteinemia with her version of A/G ratio are classified clinical physiologically into which of the following
Nephrotic syndrome
Newborn infant with frequent projectile vomiting and manifestations of severe electrolyte in nutritional disturbances should be examined and investigated for what
Achalasia of pylorus
Name of pathology caused by rupture of middle meningeal artery
Epidural hematoma
Manifestation of giant aneurysm
Headache
nausea
vomiting
papilledema
Most common type of cerebrovascular disease
Ischemic stroke
Most common cause of epidural hematoma
Rupture of meningeal artery
Duret hemorrhage occurs in what type of herniation
Cerebellar tonsillar herniation
Results in compression of posterior cerebral artery
Transtentorial herniation
Characteristics of concussion
Dysfunction in reticular formation of brain
retrograde amnesia
loss of consciousness
Disease almost always has dramatic damage to first metatarsal joint
Gouty arthritis
In juvenile rheumatoid arthritis unilateral need joint involvement results in?
Elongation of involved leg
Osteoarthritis in proximal interphalangeus joint is known as?
Bouchard’s node
Rheumatoid nodules
Can be immovable
Instability of Atlanto-odontoid joint in rheumatoid arthritis is caused by which of following?
Destruction of odontoid process by pannus
What joint is not typically involved in osteoarthritis
Elbow
Bony outgrowths on periphery of vertebral bodies do to osteoarthritis
Spondylophyte spur
Where is gastrin and endocrine stimulator produced
Antei-pyloric wall
Malignant tumor originating from smooth muscle
Leiomyosarcoma
Benign skeletal muscle tumor
Rhabdomyoma
Malignant tumor originating from skeletal muscle
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Tumor originating from ectoderm or endoderm embryological tissue
Carcinoma
Tumor originating from mesoderm embryological tissue
Sarcoma
Classic presentations of scirrhous cancer?
Breast adenocarcinoma
Stroma causes evagination due to shrinkage
Tumor which majority consists of parenchyma
Sarcoma
If the tumor made up of stroma and parenchyma which portion is more likely to carry malignant potential
Parenchyma because stroma is neutral
Which organ receives metastasis from stomach
Liver due to blood via portal vein
How does metastasis of carcinoma travel in the body what route
Lymphatic system
What metastasis or tumor travels through blood
Sarcoma
Cannonball metastasis originates from what type of metastasis
Osteosarcoma via blood through the Lungs
How many infarctions can of person have
Depends on with and thickness
Myocardial infarction in a young person
Is just as dangerous but causes less anastomosis
What percentage of hypertension is essential and what percentage of hypertension is benign
90% essential 95% benign
What is the predisposing factor for epithelial injury with urolithiasis
Vitamin B6 deficiency
Diagnosis most likely for Paine development occurring 90 minutes after eating
Duodenal peptic also
Medicine that I cancer from stomach to ovaries is referred to
Krukenberg tumor
In syringomyelia, which of the following sensitivities is valid
Loss of temperature
In early-stage prostatic cancer develops in which part of the prostate gland
Peripheral zone
Benign prostatic hypertrophy develops where
In the central zone
Most acute myocardial infarction is caused by obstruction due to what
Thrombosis
Which are following is valid for myocardial infarction developing and young people
Hi mortality rate
Factors that help to suspect secondary hypertension
Young age of patient hypertension with relatively high magnitudes of blood pressure
Characteristic of multiple sclerosis
Auto immune demyelinating disorder
women are more often than man
optic nerve involvement
Most symptomatic kidney stone
Calcium oxalate
Gout is frequently a company by lesions of
Kidney
RadioTranslucent kidney stones
Uric acid and urate
Predisposing factors for Salt and stone formation in kidneys
Vitamin a deficiency
infection
ischemia
Complications of prostate cancer
Urinary obstruction and hematuria
Direct infiltration to pelvis organs and bone
cancer cachexia
Osteosclerosis
What renal stone is most linked to alkaline pH resulting in Renal infections
Phosphate
In what stage of syphilis this chronic meningitis occur
Secondary
Development of scar tissue in brain is seen in
Leptomeningitis caused by microbacterium tuberculosis
Properties of enthesis
Rich with nociceptors have poor healing ability
All the following atelectasis are reversible except
Contraction
Just expansion less than 3 cm is typical for
Ankylosing spondylitis
Pneumothorax is
Air in plural cavity
Mediastinum deviation in patchy telectasis is
No specific deviation
Which are following is proper order for Pathomorphological changes in lobar pneumonia
Congestion red hepatization, resolution
Patient comes to office with Stefanak headache and fever this is possibly
Leptomeningitis?
Tear of which structures would result in traumatic pneumothorax
Chest wall and parietal Pleura
Loss of plural surfactant results in development of
Microatelectasis
Acute purulent meningitis causes
Elevated concentration of proteins
Which path all a G develops in secondary syphilis
None of the above
Onion skin periosteal reaction is typical sign for
Swings sarcoma
Acute orchitis is typical manifestation of infectious disease caused by
Mumps
Disorder characterized by multiple enchondromas
Ollier diseas
In inflammatory disease joint anchylosis does not occur in
Von lushka joint
Bone tumor characterized by Night pain relieved by aspirin
Osteoid osteoma
Pegi goal hemorrhage and clubbing is associated with what disease?
Bacterial endocarditis
What is the best time describing the compensatory reaction of the left ventricle myocardium in hypertension
Concentric hypertrophy he
Which of the following hard path ologies more often for most thrombosis in accounts for increased risk of thromboembolism
Mitral stenosis
Lodi is always pressure is the witch valvular pathology
Aortic stenosis
Enlargement of which part of the heart results and posterior deviation of the esophagus
Left atrium
Cor pulmonale could result from which of the following
Silicosis
In which disease there is no increase of the intracranial pressure
Huntington’s disease
In right-sided heart failure the congestion develops first in which structure
Liver
Which type of vascular path ologies associated with with Lacunar infarction
Hyaline arteriolosclerosis
Territory of which order is the most vulnerable for ischemic stroke
Middle cerebral artery
Brown induration of the lungs results from which pathology?
Left sided heart failure
Orthopnea new means the development of suspension in congestive cardiac failure I. Which change of a patients position
Change from standing to lying
Brain tumor developing within Sylvius aqueduct more probably results in which type of hydrocephalus?
Non-communicating hydrocephalus
Papilledema could be a manifestation of very serious brain pathology in the following orders except?
A. Brain tumor
B. Epidural hematoma
C. Alzheimer’s
D. Giant aneurysm
Alzheimer’s
