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1
Q

Which substance(s) is(are) NOT secreted by kidneys?

A

leukotriens

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2
Q

. In nephrotic syndrome there is a selective significant increase of glomerular permeability for which of the following?

A

protein

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3
Q

Which disease is characterized by formation of cavities in the lungs?

A

Wegener’s granulomatosis

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4
Q

Which protein-to-protein ratio is typical for nephrotic syndrome?

A

albumin to globulin ration is less than 1

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5
Q

During regular annual exam of a symptom free patient the high blood level of BUN was found. Which term describes this abnormality best?

A

azotemia

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6
Q

Which pathogenetic mechanism of glomerulonephritis is associated with immune complex formation outside kidney?

A

circulating immune complex deposition

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7
Q

Anti-GBM pathogenetic mechanism of glomerulonephritis corresponds to which subtype of antibody-dependent type of hypersensitivity reactions?

A

. complement-mediated reactions

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8
Q

Which of the following is NOT associated with nephrotic syndrome

A

Buerger’s disease

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9
Q

Which acute glomerulonephritis associated with nephritic syndrome most often turns into chronic glomerulonephritis

A

crescent glomerulonephritis

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10
Q

.Necrotizing papillitis in the kidney develops more often in which of the following disorders

A

diabetes mellitus

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11
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease is characterized morphologically by which of the following?

A

ball-like depositions within the mesangium

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12
Q

Which of the following is the most common glomerular disease?

A

Berger’s disease

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13
Q

In crescentic glomerulonephritis the crescents in the glomeruli are formed by which of the following?

A

hyperplasia of parietal epithelial cells

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14
Q

Pathogenesis of kidney involvement in Goodpasture’s syndrome corresponds to which type of hypersensitivity reactions?

A

antibody-dependent

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15
Q

Which of the following is most common disorder(s) eventually resulting in ischemic heart disease?

A

atherosclerosis

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16
Q

Which organ(s) is(are) NOT typical reservoir (storage) of the chronic infection in the body?

A

liver

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17
Q

Which kind of angina pectoris is also known as pre-infarction angina?

A

crescendo

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18
Q

Long-term hypertension eventually leads to congestive heart failure. in this case which of the following sings and consequences of this transformation comes to he clinical attention first?

A

lung edema

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19
Q

Posterior deviation of esophagus on the x-ray film testifies to _____

A

enlargement of left atrium

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20
Q

What is NOT a part of atheroma

A

siderohages

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21
Q

Migratory arthritis is typical manifestation of which disease?

A

rheumatic fever

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22
Q

What is the best term describing the compensatory reaction of the left atrial myocardium in mitral stenosis

A

eccentric hypertrophy

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23
Q

Ortopnea means the development of dyspnea in congestive heart failure in which change of patient’s position?

A

change from standing to lying position

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24
Q

Prinzmetal’s angina means the obstruction of coronary artery because of ____

A

spasm

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25
Q

Onion-skinning” is typically accompanied by which pathology?

A

necrotizing arteriolitis

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26
Q

Pathogenesis of which disease is known as “the molecular mimicry”?

A

rheumatic fever

27
Q

Pulmonary artery stenosis develops in which disease?

A

pulmonary artery is not involve in all of the above

28
Q

Which of the following is associated with right-sided cardiac failure?

A

plural effusion

29
Q

Cor pulmonale is NOT associated with ____

A

all of the above are typical for cor pulmonale

30
Q

Left ventricular failure is usually caused by the following diseases except _____

A

bronchiectasis

31
Q

Left ventricular failure is usually caused by the following diseases except _____

A

lung emphysema

32
Q

Which pathology may often be complicated by venous infarction?

A

paraesophgeal hernia

33
Q

Smoking compromises which component of the stomach mucous barrier?

A

mucosal blood flow

34
Q

Boerhaave syndrome is characterized by which of the following?

A

esophageal rupture

35
Q

Helicobacter pylori is found in *____ patients with duodenal peptic ulcer and in ** _____ of ones with stomach peptic ulcer

A

*100%;**70%

36
Q

Which disease develops most commonly in alcoholics?

A

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

37
Q

What is NOT correct for gastrinomas?

A

do not metastasize

38
Q

Which disease is considered the major cause of esophageal varices?

A

liver cirrhosis

39
Q

Aspirin leads to gastrointestinal side-effects by suppression of which component of the mucous barrier?

A

elaboration of prostaglandins

40
Q

Traction diverticulum results from ______

A

mediastinal lymphadenitis

41
Q

Which disorder is known to develop multiple peptic ulcers?

A

Zollinger-Ellison syndrome

42
Q

Chagas disease is associated with development of which pathology?

43
Q

Metaplasia in Barrett esophagus is characterized by replacement of _____ epithelial cells to _____ epithelial cells

A

squamous / columnar

44
Q

Which disease could result in ischemic-hemorrhagic stroke?

A

subacute bacterial endocarditis

45
Q

In nephritic syndrome there is a selective increase of glomerular permeability of which of the following?

A

red blood cells

46
Q

Which of the following is the most common glomerular disease?

A

IgA nephropathy

47
Q

In nephritic syndrome, which substance eventually resulting in hypertension is secreted primarily?

48
Q

In crescentic glomerulonephritis the crescents in the glomeruli are formed by which of the following?

A

proliferation of parietal epithelial cells

49
Q

During regular annual exam of a symptom free patient the high blood level of creatinine was found. Which term describes this abnormality best?

50
Q

In Heymann’s nephritis, in which layer of the glomerular arteriole wall will the immune complexes be formed or deposited?

A

space between podocytes and glomerular basement membrane

51
Q

A characteristic sign of nephritic syndrome is _____

52
Q

Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease is characterized morphologically by which of the following?

A

ball like depositions within the mesangium

53
Q

Which organ(s) is (are) NOT involved in polyarteritis nodosa

54
Q

Which of the following diseases more often predisposes to development of pyelonephritis

A

acute cystitis

55
Q

What is NOT typical for stomach ulcer?

A

tendency to be multiple

56
Q

What is NOT a complication of duodenal peptic ulcer?

A

malignancy

57
Q

esophageal diverticulum near midpoint of the

esophagus

A

traction diverticulum

58
Q

esophageal diverticulum near upper

esophagus

A

zenker diverticulum

59
Q

azotemia

A

increased BUN blood urea nitrogen
increased creatine
decrease GFR (glomerular filtration rate)

60
Q

uremia

A

azotemia+ combo of clinical signs and

61
Q

glomerular involvement

A

almost always autoimmune

62
Q

Diseases of the interstitial tissue or tubules

A

almost always infection or intoxication

63
Q

Juxtaglomerular Cells “Security”

A
  • produce renin
  • control blood pressure in afferent arteriole
  • Angiotensin II

Path Part Deaux (14 decks)

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