Quiz 6

Question 1

The DNA can be degraded by enzymes called

Answer 1

nucleases

Question 2

Cuts DNA anywhere and will degrade your DNA samples

Answer 2

non-specific nucleases

Question 3

Cuts DNA at the specific sequences and is often used for cloning in molecular biology (often called restriction enzymes)

Answer 3

specific nucleases

Question 4

positively charged ion (cation) that has a net positive charge of +2 (divalent).

Answer 4

divalent cation

Question 5

an inorganic ion necessary for an enzyme to function

Answer 5

cofactor

Question 6

What do nucleases need to cut DNA?

Answer 6

Optimum temperature
Optimum pH
Mg2+ or Mn2+ cations as cofactors

Question 7

what do we do to stop nucleases from cutting DNA?

Answer 7

Stably store DNA at low temperature (freezing)
Maintain a pH of 8 by storing DNA in TE buffer which contains a strong buffering reagent (Tris)
Store DNA in TE buffer which also contains an agent which binds divalent cations (EDTA) thus preventing their use as cofactors

Question 8

(containing essential genes for cell metabolism)

Answer 8

circular DNA

Question 9

(Extra-chromosomal DNA which contains genes for special functions such as antibiotic resistance)

Answer 9

plasmids

Question 10

contain a restriction site that can be cut to allow foreign DNA to be inserted within it

Answer 10

engineered plasmids

Question 11

do not carry foreign DNA

Answer 11

empty vectors

Question 12

contains DNA from another biological source

Answer 12

cloning vector

Question 13

works by binding divalent cations

Answer 13

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

Question 14

Store the isolated DNA in TE buffer

Answer 14

DNA storage

Question 15

DNA will separate from the lysis buffer with ethanol

Answer 15

DNA precipitation

Question 16

Chemical process of breaking cells open to expose nuclear DNA using the lysis buffer

Answer 16

cell lysis

Question 17

Physical process of breaking up the tissues to release cells. We will use a mortar and pestle to grind the calf liver in liquid nitrogen

Answer 17

homogenizing

Question 18

the material of which the chromosomes of eukaryotes are composed

Answer 18

chromatin

Question 19

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

Answer 19

chromosome

Question 20

a structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones.

Answer 20

nucleosome

Question 21

any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.

Answer 21

histones