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BIO LAB > Quiz 5 > Flashcards

Quiz 5 Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Many enzymes act as ______, designed to speed up the rate of a specific chemical reaction

A

catalysts

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2
Q

Free energy can perform _____

A

work

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3
Q

the cleavage of chemical bonds by the addition of water

A

hydrolysis

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4
Q

The _____ (3º) structure of a protein is made up of multiple secondary structures whose side chains interact with each other to form a specific geometric shape.

A

tertiary

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5
Q

Anything that changes the 3º structure at the active site of the enzymes will affect the ability of that enzyme to function

A

denaturalization

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6
Q

Every enzyme functions best at an optimum __, and less well within a range on either side of it.

A

pH

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7
Q

What is the objective 6-1?

A

To describe the relationship between chromosomes, DNA, and genes

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8
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

deoxyribonucleic acid

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9
Q

DNA is made up of 4 bases which are

A

adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine

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10
Q

Adenine binds with

A

thymine

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11
Q

Guanine binds with

A

cytosine

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12
Q

What is also bound to the bases of DNA

A

a phosphate and a sugar

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13
Q

Who proposed the structure of DNA to be a double Helix

A

Watson and Crick

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14
Q

how long is a DNA molecule?

A

about 1.7 meters long

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15
Q

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms as the main constituent of chromosomes. It is the carrier of genetic information.

A

DNA

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16
Q

any of a group of basic proteins found in chromatin.

A

histones

17
Q

a structural unit of a eukaryotic chromosome, consisting of a length of DNA coiled around a core of histones.

A

nucleosome

18
Q

the material of which the chromosomes of eukaryotes are composed

A

chromatin

19
Q

a threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.

A

chromosome

20
Q

Physical process of breaking up the tissues to release cells. We will use a mortar and pestle to grind the calf liver in liquid nitrogen

A

homogenizing

21
Q

Chemical process of breaking cells open to expose nuclear DNA using the lysis buffer

A

cell lysis

22
Q

DNA will separate from the lysis buffer with ethanol

A

DNA precipitation

23
Q

Store the isolated DNA in TE buffer

A

DNA storage

24
Q

What factors effect enzymes?

A

Temperature

pH

25
Q

What do nucleases need?

A

Optimum temperature
Optimum pH
Mg2+ or Mn2+ cations as cofactors to cut DNA

26
Q

positively charged ion (cation) that has a net positive charge of +2 (divalent).

A

divalent cation

27
Q

an inorganic ion necessary for an enzyme to function

A

cofactor

28
Q

works by binding divalent cations

A

Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid

BIO LAB (7 decks)

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