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Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy > Quiz 6 > Flashcards

Quiz 6 Flashcards

0
Q

The two groups of hyoid muscles

A
  • suprahyoid

- infrahyoid

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1
Q

Assists in the movements during mastication and swallowing

A

Hyoid muscle

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2
Q

Innervation of the hyoid muscles

A
  • mylohyoid nerve
  • posterior digastric nerve
  • stylohyoid nerve
  • first cervical nerve
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3
Q

Mylohyoid nerve

A

Branch of the mandibular division of the trigeminal V cranial nerve

1) digastric- anterior belly
2) mylohyoid muscle

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4
Q

Posterior digastric nerve

A

Branch of the facial nerve VII cranial nerve

1) digastric- posterior belly

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5
Q

Stylohyoid nerve

A

Branch of the facial nerve VII cranial nerve

1) stylohyoid muscle

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6
Q

First cervical nerve

A

Conduct by the way of hypoglossal nerve XII cranial nerve

1) geniohyoid muscle

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7
Q

Second and third cervical nerves (infrahyoid)

A

1) sternothyroid muscle
2) sternohyoid muscle
3) omohyoid muscle
4) thyrohyoid muscle

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8
Q

Suprahyoid

A
  • digastric
  • mylohyoid
  • geniohyoid
  • stylohyoid
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9
Q

Anterior digastric

A
  • intermediate tendon attached to hyoid bone (body and greater horn)

Forms midline of the sub mental triangle

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10
Q

Posterior digastric

A

Mastoid notch of the temporal bone

  • forms submandibular triangle (with the mandible)
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11
Q

Anterior mylohyoid

A
  • mylohyoid line of the mandible

- also forms the floor of the mouth and helps elevate the tongue

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12
Q

Anterior geniohyoid

A

Genial tubercles of the mandible

  • assists in swallowing, depresses mandible
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13
Q

Posterior stylohyoid

A

Styloid process of the mandible

  • assists in swallowing, depresses mandible
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14
Q

Omohyoid muscle

A

Superior belly- short tendon attached to the inferior belly
** divides inferior portion of the anterior cervical triangle into carotid and muscular triangles

Inferior belly- scapula
*** divides the posterior cervical triangle into occipital and subclavian triangles

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15
Q

Sternohyoid muscle

A

Posterior and superior surfaces of the sternum

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16
Q

Sternothyroid muscle

A

Posterior surface of the sternum

- depresses thyroid cartilage an larynx (not hyoid bone)

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17
Q

Thyrohyoid muscle

A

On the thyroid cartilage

  • depresses the hyoid bone and raises the thyroid cartilage and larynx
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18
Q

Two groups of muscles for the tongue

A

1) intrinsic

2) extrinsic

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19
Q

Intrinsic location

A

Origin/insertion are inside the tongue

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20
Q

Intrinsic action

A

Change the shape of the tongue during mastication, speech and swallowing

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21
Q

Intrinsic Innervation

A

Facial nerve VII cranial and the glossopharyngeal IX cranial nerve

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22
Q

Extrinsic location

A

All have their origin outside the tongue and all insert inside the tongue

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23
Q

Extrinsic action

A

Move the tongue and suspend an anchor it to the mandible styloid process and hyoid bone during mastication, speech and swallowing

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24
Q

Extrinsic Innervation

A

Hypoglossal XII cranial nerve

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25
Q

Midline depression on the dorsal surface

A

Median lingual sulcus

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26
Q

Deep fibrous structure in the midline of the tongue, corresponds with median lingual sulcus

A

Median septum

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27
Q

Divisions of the tongue

A

Apex, body (dorsal, lateral and ventral surfaces), base

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28
Q

Intrinsic muscle group

A

Superior longitudinal
Inferior longitudinal
Transverse ( horizontal )
Vertical

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29
Q

Extrinsic muscles

A
  • hyoglossus
  • styloglossus
  • genioglossus
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30
Q

Superior longitudinal

A

Base- dorsal surface

  • alters it’s shape
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31
Q

Inferior longitudinal

A

Base- ventral surface

*alters it’s shape

32
Q

Transverse

A

Median septum, deep to superior longitudinal

  • alters it’s shape
33
Q

Vertical

A

Dorsal surface- body of the tongue

** alters it’s shape

34
Q

Hyoglossus

A

Greater horn and body of the hyoid bone

  • depress the tongue
35
Q

Styloglossus

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

** retracts the tongue, moving superioppsteriorly

36
Q

Genioglossus

A

Genial tubercles

** protrudes and depresses portions of the tongue

37
Q

Region of the soft palate

A

Posterior portion of the roof of the mouth and connects laterally with the tongue

38
Q

Soft palate action

A

Involved with speaking and swallowing

39
Q

Total number of muscles in the soft palate

A

5

40
Q

Soft palate muscle Innervation: pharyngeal plexus

A

Pharyngeal plexus: pharyngeal branches of the vagus nerve- x cranial nerve

  • palatoglossus
  • palatopharyngeus
  • musculus uvula
  • levator veli palatini (part of uvula)
41
Q

Soft palate Innervation of the muscles: mandibular division

A

Mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve- v cranial nerve

*tensor veli palatini

42
Q

Palatoglossus (palatoglossal fold)

A

Median palatine raphe

  • raises base of tongue, arches tongue, and depresses soft palate
43
Q

Palatopharyngeus (Palatopharyngeal fold)

A

Soft palate

  • moves palate posteriorinferiorly and posterior pharyngeal wall anterosuperiorly (closes off nasopharynx)
44
Q

Musculus uvula

A

Posterior margin of the soft palate

  • shortens and broadens uvula, alters contour of palate; allows soft palate to adapt to posterior pharyngeal wall ( closes off nasopharynx)
45
Q

Levator veli palatini

A

Medial cartilage of auditory tube and apex if petrous (inferior surface of temporal bone)

  • raises the soft palate and helps the palate contact the posterior pharyngeal wall (closes off nasopharynx) and opens the auditory tube orifice
46
Q

Tensor veli palatini

A

Lateral cartilage of the auditory tube an scaphoid fossa of the sphenoid bone

  • tenses and slightly lowers the palate (closes off the nasopharynx) and opens the auditory canal
47
Q

Action of the muscles of the pharynx

A

Movements involved with speaking, swallowing, and middle ear function

48
Q

Muscles of the pharynx include…

A

A) stylopharyngeus

B) pharyngeal constrictor muscles: three PAIRED muscles

  • superior
  • middle
  • inferior
49
Q

Innervation of the soft palate muscles

A

Glossopharyngeal nerve- IX cranial nerve (not soft palate)

Pharyngeal plexus: pharyngeal branch of the vagus- X cranial nerve (all three pharyngeal constrictors

50
Q

Stylopharyngeus

A

Styloid process of temporal bone

* raises and widens the pharynx

51
Q

Superior pharyngeal constrictor

A

Pterygoid hamulus, mandible, and pterygomandibular raphe

52
Q

Middle pharyngeal constrictor

A

Hyoid bone and stylohyoid ligament

  • raises pharynx and larynx and helps push bonus inferiorly into the esophagus
53
Q

Inferior pharyngeal constrictor

A

Thyroid & cricoid cartilages

  • raises pharynx and larynx and helps push bolus inferiorly into the esophagus
54
Q

Cervical muscles superficial position

A

Both are most superficial of the cervical muscles

A) Sternocleidomastoid
B) trapezius

55
Q

Sternocleidomastoid : anterolateral part of the neck

A

Palpate: move head down and to the side

Divides the lateral neck region into the anterior and posterior cervical triangles

56
Q

Trapezius: posterior part of the neck

A

Covers the lateral and posterior surfaces of the neck and upper back; forms a broad, flat triangle

57
Q

Sternocleidomastoid origin

A

Medial portion of clavicle and superior and lateral surfaces of sternum

    • one side contracts head turn to one side
    • both sides contract; head tilts backwards
58
Q

Trapezius origin

A

External surface of the occipital bone and the posterior midline of the cervical and thoracic regions
** helps cervical vertebrae support the head and neck; lifts the clavicle and scapula as to “shrug”

59
Q

Clinical considerations: extra/intra oral exams

A

You need to know the muscle anatomy to perform these exams

- these muscles serve as landmarks for other structures; bones, blood vessels, nerves and lymph nodes

60
Q

Malfunction of the muscles

TMD

A

Muscles spasms of the muscles of mastication

61
Q

Occlusal dis function

A

Caused by disease or trauma to: the teeth, periodontium or the TMJ which in turn effects the muscles I mastication

62
Q

Nervous system disorders

A

A) tic douloureux/trigeminal neuralgia: neuralgia of theaxillary division of the trigeminal nerve (v)

B) facial tic: irritation to the facial nerve (VII) causing spasms of the facial muscles

63
Q

Route of infection

A

Infection always travels the path of least resistance it will travel in the fascia tissue

64
Q

Facial paralysis

A

Bell’s palsy
Stroke
Malignant neoplasm of the parotid gland
Surgery on the parotid gland
Trauma to the parotid gland via facial lacerations
Trauma to the facial nerve from poorly given local anesthesia (inferior alveolar block)

65
Q

Embryonic structures

A

1) enamel organ
2) dental papilla
3) dental follicle
4) bony crypt

66
Q

Enamel organ

A

Highly specialized epithelial tissue, forms enamel

67
Q

Dental papilla

A

Embryonic connective tissue, forms dentin and pulp

68
Q

Dental follicle/dental sac

A

Embryonic connective tissue that encapsulates the developing tooth (enamel organ and dental papilla) forms cementum, PDL, alveolar bone

69
Q

Bony crypt

A

Space in which the developing tooth forms

70
Q

Developmental structures

A

1) lobe
2) grooves
3) depressions
4) pits

71
Q

Lobe

A

One primary section of formation in the developing crown

72
Q

Grooves

A

Groove or line between primary parts of the crown or root ex. Buccal groove mand 1 st molar

73
Q

Depressions

A

Form when lobes fuse
Ex. Labial aspect of maxillary incisors
Root depressions also form to add in function and suppoet

74
Q

Pits

A

Form at the termination of a single groove and at the junction of two or more grooves

75
Q

Developmental tissues and associated structures

A

1) enamel

2) dentin

76
Q

Enamel

A

Highly calcified epithelial tissue (96%) calcified

  • ameloblasts
  • no viable cells after eruption
77
Q

Dentin

A

Calcified connective tissue (65-70%) calcified

  • odontoblasts
  • viable cells present so long as the pulp is vital
78
Q

Types of dentin

A

Primary: all dentin formed before eruption

Secondary: all dentin formed after eruption

Tertiary: dentin formed in response to trauma

Oral, Head And Neck Anatomy (6 decks)

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