Quiz 5 Flashcards
Bilateral, bony landmark on the lateral edge of the alveolar ridge just distal of the last mandibular molar; the retromolar pad fills this area
Retromolar fossa
At the midline, the cluster of small projection, muscle attachment area (geniohyoid muscle)
Genial tubercles or mental spine
The oblique line that extends posteriorly and superior lot across the inner surface of the body of the mandible, becoming more prominent as it ascends; point of muscle attachment (mylohyoid muscle)
Mylohyoid line (ridge)
Posterior & inferior to the mylohyoid line, this fossa contains the submandibular gland
Submandibular fossa
Anterior and superior to the mylohyoid line, this fossa contains the sublingual gland
Sublingual fossa
The central opening found near the middle f the internal surface of the ramus, is the opening if the mandibular canal
Mandibular foramen
Cabal through which the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels pass into the mandible, the region around this foramen is clinically important because it is the infiltration target or the mandibular block anesthesia
Mandibular canal
With tooth loss the alveolar process undergoes atrophy, this placing the mandibular canal nearer the superior border of the alveolar process; in severe cases the mandibular canal may disappear and expose the inferior alveolar nerve from it’s bony projection
Atrophy
Patient will have a second mandibular foramen and mandibular canal (positioned inferiority); both will be radiographically evident
Bifold interior alveolar nerve
The flange of bone which overhangs the mandibular foramen
Lingula
The groove that passes anteriorly and inferiority from the mandibular foramen
Mylohyoid groove
The some what roughened area on the upper anterior part of the mandibular condyle
Articulating surface of the condyle
The depressed area anterior and inferior to the condyle of the mandible
Pterygoid fovea
Air filled cavities in the cranial and facial bones, communicate with the nasal cavity through the Ostia in the lateral nasal wall (ethmoid and inferior nasal conchae)
Paranasal sinuses
Functions of the paranasal sinuses
- lighten the skull
- warm the air inhaled
- provide mucus secretions for the nasal cavity
- act as sound resonators
Where does the frontal sinus drain?
The frontonasal duct drains the frontal sinuses into the middle nasal meatus
Where does the sphenoid sinuses drain?
Drains via the Ostia in the superior nasal meatus (sphenoethmoidal recess)
Where does the ethmoid sinuses drain?
Anterior- middle nasal meatus(hiatus semilunaris)
Middle- middle nasal meatus (bulla ethmoidalis)
Posterior- drains via the Ostia in the superior nasal meatus (sphenoethmoidal recess)
Where does the maxillary sinus drain?
Drains via the Ostia in the middle nasal meatus (hiatus semilunais)
Congestion and inflammation of the mucous membranes, involving allergies and infections in the nasal sinus
Primary sinusitis
Symptoms of primary sinusitis
Localized- headache, foul smelling/tasting nasal or pharyngeal drainage; systemic fever and weakness
Serious complications of primary sinusitis
Spread of infection to the other sinuses, especially the ethmoid and sphenoid, because of tier close proximity to the cavernous sinus an the optic nerve
Preventing normal air exchange and drainage into the nasal cavity; occurs in extreme asked of sinusitis; requires surgery to enlarge the Ostia openings to restore function
Blockage of the Ostia
Is common; the drainage of this sinus is complicated because the Ostia is superior to the floor of the sinus cavity, this often requires surgery
Chronic maxillary sinusitis
Inflammation of the sinuses from another source, an infection or trauma associated with a posterior maxillary tooth; such as a peri apical &/ or periodontal infection or surgical trauma
Secondary sinusitis
An abnormal hole in the wall of the sinus, can occur with an infection or a surgical complication during an extraction or sinus lift; requires additional surgery to repair the sinus this preventing the sinus to drain into the oral cavity
Sinus perforation
Effects the maxillary sinuses
Aging and tooth loss
Aging
Maxillary sinuses enlarge as an individual ages and this sinus may surround the roots of the posterior maxillary teeth an extend it’s margins into the body of the zygoma
How does tooth loss effect the maxillary sinuses
Loss of the posterior maxillary teeth allows the maxillary sinus to expand further resorbing the alveolar process to a thin shell of periapical tissue
Location of the hyoid bone
Suspended horizontally in the neck, superioanterior to the thyroid cartilage; when static it is at the level of the third cervical vertebra, it has no bone Articulations
Posteriorly suspended from the styloid processes by the style hyoid ligament
Hyoid bone
Anteriorly suspended from the thyroid cartilage by the thyrohyoid membrane
Hyoid bone
Functions of the hyoid bone
Forms the base of the tongue an the larynx
A) serves for many muscle attachments
B) mobility aids in mastication, swallowing and phonation
Components of the hyoid bone
This u- shaped bone had five parts
Body of the hyoid bone
Anterior portion at the midline
Two bony projections at the most posterior aspect of the hyoid bone
Greater Cornu
Two bony projections at the lateral aspect of the body of the hyoid bone
Lesser Cornu
Where is oral tori found
1) median palatine- found on the raphe
2) mandibular- found just inferior to the mandibular premolars
3) exostosis- found mostly on the facial & buccal aspect of the alveolar process (maxillary & mandibular) in the attached gingiva MGJ area
Effects several bones and soft tissues, due to the many articulations and close association of the soft tissues
Facial bone fractures
Frontal bone fracture
May effect the forehead and the eyes
Occur at the buttress points of the cranium (medial orbit, articulations of the zygoma-frontal & temporal, and articulations of the term good processes, palatine bones and maxillae
Facial skeleton fractures
These fractures can obstruct the upper respiratory tract
Facial skeleton fractures
Location of the TMJ
This bilateral joint is the articulation between the temporal bone and the mandible, found just anterior to the tragus of the ear
Function of the TMJ
Enables the mandible to move during phonation and mastication
Innervation of the TMJ
An fibulae division to the trigrminal V cranial nerve
Rotational movements of the TMJ
Along the transverse axis, allows the mandible to open & close
Depression (open)
Lowers the mandible, contraction of the inferior head of the lateral pterygoids and the suprahyoids muscles
Elevation (close)
Raises the mandible, contraction of the massester, temporalis, and medial pterygoid muscles
Along a incline plane, allows the mandible to move forward and backwards
Gliding
Allows for finer movements needed for opening, closing, and shifting of the mandible during speech and mastication
Combination movements
Allows the mandible to shift to one side or the other, unilateral contractions of the lateral pterygoid muscles
Lateral deviation
This movement is utilized during mastication when the teeth crush the food, it is the movement from a lateral deviated position back to the midline
Power stroke
A smooth rounded ridge, just anterior to the articulate fossa
Articular eminence
A depression in which the mandibular condyles articulate just posterior to the articular eminence
Articular fossa
A sharper ridge, just posterior to the Articular fossa
Postglenoid process
Articulates with the temporal bone in the Articular fossa
Mandibular condyles
The head of the condyles, the most superior surface
Articulating surface of the condyle
Completely encloses the J; superiorly covering the Articular eminence and the Articular fossa, inferiorly the mandibular condyles too the neck of the condyles
Joint capsule
Is the biconcave disc located in the capsule between the temporal bone and the mandibular condyles
Articular disc (meniscus of the TMJ)
Are divided by the Articular disc into the upper synovial cavity and the lower synovial cavity
Synovial cavities
Lubricates the joint and fills the synovial cavities these secretions are produced by the membrane lining the synovial cavities
Synovial fluid
Three paired ligaments form from bands of fibrous connective tissue that connect bones to bones
TMJ ligaments
Location of the TMJ ligament
On the lateral sides of each joint, extends from the posterior surface of the neck of the condyle to the zygomatic arch
Function of the TMJ ligament
Reinforcement of the joint capsule and prevents excessive retraction of the mandible
Location of the sphenoid mandibular ligament
Medial side of the ramus, extends from the angular spine of the sphenoid bone to the Lingula of the mandibular foramen
Function of the sphenoid mandibular ligament
Prevents the mandible from protruding too far; a landmark for anesthesia for the inferior alveolar nerve
Location the stylomabdibular ligament
Posteriomedial surface of the ramus, extends from the styloid process of the temporal bone to the angle of the mandible
Function of the stylomandibular ligament
Prevents mandible from protruding too far
Signs and symptoms of TMJ
- acute or chronic joint tenderness
- swelling
- muscle spasms
- limited or deviated opening of the mandible
- referred pain to the head and neck region: ears, neck, shoulders, Ect
Ecological factors of TMJ dysfunction
- stress
- parafunctinal habits: clenching & bruxism
- malocclusions
- posterior bite collapse
- trauma: whip lash
- osteoarthritis
- aging if the disc causing the disc to think and harden
- hormonal changes
