Quiz 4 Flashcards
The cranial bones on the lateral view
Occipital, frontal, parietal, temporal, sphenoid and ethmoid
This view shows both cranial bones and facial bones
Lateral view of the skull
Frontal and parietal bone make up which cranial suture?
Coronal suture
Parietal and occipital bones are part of which cranial suture?
Lanbdoidal suture
Temporal and parietal bones are apart of which cranial sutures
Squamosal suture
Formed by several bones of the skull and contains the body of the temporalis muscle
Temporal fossa
Is inferior to the temporal fossa
Infratemporal fossa
Harder to see, it Is deep to the Infratemporal fossa
Pterygopalatine fossa
Cheek bone
Zygomatic arch
Movable articulation between temporal bone and mandible
Temporomandibular joint
Hard palate and associated structures
Anterior portion of external skull
Bordered by the alveolar process of the maxilla with the maxillary teeth
Anterior portion of the external skull
The anterior portion is formed by
Palatine processes of the maxilla, horizontal plates of the palatine bones
Two prominent sutures of the anterior external skull
Median palatine suture, transverse palatine suture
Midline articulation between two palatine processes of the maxilla anteriorly and two horizontal plates of palatine bones posteriorly
Median palatine suture
Articulation of two palatine processes of maxilla and two horizontal plates of palatine bones
Transverse palatine suture
Forms the floor of the nasal cavity as well as the roof of the mouth
Anterior portion of the external skull
___________ of the hard palate forms the inferior border of the posterior nasal apertures
Posterior edge
Funnel shaped cavities are the posterior openings of the nasal cavity
Posterior nasal apertures
Is formed by the vomer and sphenoid bones
Superior edge
Is formed by the posterior edge of the vomer
Medial border
Is formed by the pterygoid process of the sphenoid bone
Lateral borders
Posterior orbit of the eye
Greater and lesser wing
Sphenoid bone
Middle portion of the external skull
Consists of two plates
Pterygoid process
A thin curved process forms on the inferior portion of the medial plate
Hamulus
Medial pterygoid plate
Very thin ( part of the sphenoid bone )
Lateral pterygoid plate
More flattened part of the sphenoid bone
The depression between the medial and lateral plates
Pterygoid fossa
Arteries, burns and nerves that supply the brain and the facial tissue enter and exit through these foramen
Foramina of the external skull
A large opening on the sphenoid bone, for mandibular division of the trigrminal vein cranial nerve (valley/lower branch) **
Foramen ovale
A smaller, more posterior, opening on the sphenoid branch, carries the meningeal artery into the cranial cavity
Foramen spinosum
Large irregular shaped opening on the carotid artery emerges here from the carotid canal via the portion that is not filled with cartilage
Foramen lacerum
Opening in the temporal bone, it cares internal carotid artery and sympathetic carotid plexus
Carotid canal
Just lateral and posterior to the carotid cancel, it is a pointed bony projection located on the temporal bone
Styloid process
Opening through which the facial (VII cranial nerve) exists from the skull to the face, it is immediately posterior to the styloid process
Stylmastoid foramen
The internal jugular vein and three cranial nerves (glossopharyngeal IX, vagus X, spinal accessory XI, pass through this opening
Jugular foramen
Largest opening on the inferior view, the spinal cord and vertebral arteries pass through here
Foramen magnum
Bones: frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid, temporal, occipital and parietal, all can be seen from this view
Superior view of the internal surface (open top of the skull)
Foramina seen from the superior view of the internal surface
The optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, carotid canal, jugular foramen and foramen magnum
Opening for the olfactory nerve ( I cranial nerve)
Cribrifoem plate (ethmoid bone)
Opening for the maxillary division of the trigrminal, sensory (roof) **
Foramen rotundum
Opening for the hypoglossal XII cranial nerve
Hypoglossal canal
Facial nerve (VII) and vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII)
Internal acoustic meatus
The cranium is formed by the cranial bones …
1) occipital (1)
2) frontal (1)
3) sphenoid (1)
4) ethmoid (1)
5) parietal (2) paired
6) temporal (2) paired
Single cranial bone, articulates with: the parietal, temporal, and sphenoid
Occipital bone
Is completely formed by the occipital
Foramen magnum
(2) curved smooth projections have movable articulation with the first cervical vertebra
Occipital condyles
On the stout basket portion is the four sided plate anterior to the foramen magnum is a midline projection
Pharyngeal tubercle
Hypoglossal nerve - XII cranial nerve passes through here
Hypoglossal canals
Medial portion of the two bones that form the jugular foramen
Jugular notch of the occipital bone
Single cranial bone that forms both forehead and the superior portion of the orbits. It articulates with the parietal, sphenoid, lacrimal, nasal, ethmoid, zygomatic and maxilla
Frontal bone (internal surface)
Internally the frontal bone contains the …
Frontal sinuses, one of the four pairs of paranasal sinuses
Curved elevations over the superior portion of the orbit
Supra orbital ridges
On the medial portion of the supraorbital ridge and where the superaorbital artery and nerve travel from the orbit to the forehead. Located one inch from the midline and causes pressure when palpated
Supraorbital notch
A smooth elevated between the eyebrows, usually flat in children and females and is usually rounded in males
Glabella
The bony projection lateral to the orbit
Zygomatic process
Are just inside the lateral portion of the supraorbital ridge
Lacrimal fossa
Is located in this fossa, produces lacrimal fluid after lubricating the eye the fluid is drained trough the nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity
Lacrimal gland
Paired and articulate with each other at the sagittal suture, they also articulate with occipital, frontal, temporal and sphenoid bones
Parietal bones
Paired and articulate with parietal, sphenoid, occipital and zygomatic bones
Temporal bones (lateral)
Three portions of the temporal bones
Squamous, tympanic, petrous
Flat fan shaped, forms part of the brain case, forms the zygomatic process of the temporal bit which in turn helps form the zygomatic arch. Forms the cranial proton of the TMJ
Squamous portion
The depression that the mandibular condyle articulates in
Articulate fossa
A round raised bony structure that acts as the stop point for the moving mandibular condyle, just anterior to the fossa
Articular eminence
The posterior aspect of the eminence
Postglenoid process
Forms most of the external acoustic meatus, located just posterior to the Postglenoid process
Tympanic portion of the temporal bones
Departed tampanic portion from the petrosal portion of the temporal bone - chords tympani nerves passes through this fissure
Petrotympanic fissure of the temporal bones
A large, rounded, roughened projection, located just posterior to the external acoustic meatus. Composed often mastoid air spaces that communicate with the middle ear, serves as one of the attachment points for the sternocleoidmastoid muscle
Mastoid process
Depression just medial to the mastoid
Mastoid notch
Long pointed bony projection, located inferior and medial to the external acoustic meatus, serves for attachment of muscles and ligaments
Styloid process
Located between the styloid and mastoid, the facial nerve (VII cranial nerve) passes through here
Stylomastoid foramen
Forms the lateral portion of the jugular foramen
Jugular notch of the temporal bone
VIII cranial nerve passes from the brain to the skull here and remains in the petrol portion of the temporal bone
Vestibularcocochlear nerve
VII cranial nerve also passes here, but it continues on to emerge at the Stylomastoid foramen
Facial nerve
Single, midline bone that articulates with the frontal, parietal, ethmoid, temporal, zygomatic, maxillary, palatine, vomer and occipital bones
Sphenoid bone
Many foramina and fissures are located here (superior orbital fissure, foramen ovale, foramen rotundum, and foramen spinosum
Foramen if the sphenoid
Sphenoid sinuses
Housed in the body of the sphenoid bone
Anterior process, makes up the base of the orbit apex
Lesser wing
Posterolateral process, makes up posterior part of the lateral wall of the orbit
Greater wing
Located inferior to the greater wing
Pterygoid process
Single, midline cranial bone of the skull. Articulates the frontal, sphenoid, lacrimal, and maxilla and joins the vomer at it’s inferior and posterior border
Ethmoid bone
Seen in the nasal cavity and aid the vomer and nasal septal cartilage in forming the nasal septum
Vertical perpendicular plates
Forms the medial orbital wall
Orbital plate of the ethmoid bone
Seen on the inside of the cranial cavity on the superior aspect of the bone, contains the foramina for the olfactory nerve (I cranial nerve)
Horizontal cribiform plate
Small cavities in the lateral mass of the ethmoid bone, divisions: anterior, middle and posterior
Ethmoid sinuses/ air cells
Located in the midline of the anterior cranium, serves for the attachment of the connective tissue membrane covering the brain
Cristea galli
Superior nasal conchae and middle nasal conchae
Part of the nasal cavity
Articulations of the vomer
Ethmoid, sphenoid, palatine, maxilla and nasal cartilage
Forms the inferior portion of the nasal septum and has no muscle attachments
Vomer
Irregular thin plate of vine, forms the anterior dial orbital wall
Lacrimal bones (paired)
Formed at the junction of the lacrimal and maxillary bones
Nasolacrimal
Form the bridge of the nose
Nasal bones
They project into the nasal cavity, forming part of the later wall of the nasal cavity
Paired facial bones
Composed of thin spongy bone, curved into a scroll shape, no muscle attachments
Inferior nasal conchae
Paired facial bones, form the cheek/ malar surfaces
Zygomatic
Forms the anterolateral orbital wall
Frontal process
Forms the anterior portion zygomatic arch
Temporal process
Forms a portion of the infraorbital rim and a small portion of the anterolateral orbital wall
Maxillary process
Paired bones of the face, but are not strictly considered facial bones
Palatine
Form the posterior aspect of the hard palate
Horizontal plates
Form part do the lateral wall of the nasal cavity
Vertical plates
Located in the Posterolateral region of the horizontal plates, distal to the 3 r max molar, transmit the greater palatine nerve and blood vessels
Greater palatine foramen
Landmark for local anesthesia for the greater palatine nerve block. This will anesthetize the palatal gingiva
Foramina of the palatine bone
Depression pituitary gland sits in
Stellarurcica
Had an orbital, nasal, Infratemporal and facial surfaces. Contains the maxillary sinuses
Body of the maxilla
Process of the maxilla
1) zygomatic process
2) frontal process
3) alveolar process
4) palatine process (hard palate)
Forms the medial rim of the orbit
Frontal process
Separates maxillae orbital surface from the sphenoid bone, opening for the zygomatic nerve, infraorbital nerve, maxillary dictionary of the trigrminal nerve and infraorbital artery
Inferior orbital fissure
The groove in the orbital floor of the maxilla
Infraorbital sulcus
The canal that forms from the infraorbital sulcus and terminates as the infraorbital foramen, carries the infraorbital nerve and blood vessels
Infraorbital canal
Located on the facial surface of the maxilla, anesthesia landmark for the infraorbital block
Infraorbital foreman
Elongated depression just posterosuperior to the roots of the canine
Canine fossa
Prominence of the alveolar bone over re canine root, just anterior to the canine fossa is the injection site for the anterior superior alveolar (ASA) block
Canine eminence
A prominent ridge of bone that supports the maxillary teeth, is less dense than the mandible and allows for the use of local infiltration anesthesia in the maxilla
Alveolar process
Articulates with one another and forms the major portion of the hard palate
Palatine process of the maxilla
Junction of the right and left halves of the palatine process
Median palatine suture
Opening that carries the right and left branches of the nasopalatine nerve , landmark for anesthesia for the nasopalatine block to anesthetize the anterior palatal gingiva
Incisive foramen
Raised area of gingival positioned in the incisive foramen
Incisive papilla
Palatal aspect
Alveolar process
Most posterior aspect of the maxilla
Maxillary tuberosity
Where the posterior superior alveolar (PSA) nerve and blood vessels beer the maxilla from the alveolar canal this is a landmark for local anesthetic for the PSA block
Posterior superior alveolar foramen
Single facial bone, only moveable bone of the skull and is the strongest and largest facial bone
Mandible
Prominence of the chin
Mental protuberance
A faint ridge, where the fusion of the right and left halves of the mandible occurred
Symphysis
Bilateral, located between the apices of the 1st and 2nd mandibular premolars, is the probing for mental nerve and blood vessels to enter the mandibular canal, it is the anesthesia landmark for the mental block, will anesthetize the mandibular canine, lateral and central incisor
Mental Foramen
The heavy horizontal portion of the mandible
Body of the mandible
The ridge of bone that support the mandibular teeth, found on the superior edge of the body of the mandible
Alveolar process
Vertical portion of the mandible
Ramus
Anterior process of the ramus
Coronoid process
The concave curve found on the main portion of the anterior border of the ramus, anesthetic landmark for the mandibular block, will anesthetize all teeth in that side of the mandible
Coronoid notch
Inferior to the Coronoid notch, the anterior border of the ramus becomes the external oblique line, it is the crest where the ramus and the body of the mandible meet
External oblique ridge
The angled, posterior border of the mandible
Angle of the mandible
Posterior process of the ramus, thicker than the Coronoid process
Condyle of mandible
Air filled cavities in the cranial and facial bones, that communicate with the nasal cavity through the Ostia in the lateral nasal wall ****
Paranasal sinuses *****
Function of the para sinuses
- lighten the skull
- warm the air inhaled
- provide mucus secretions for the nasal cavity
- act as sound resonators
Location - bilateral in the frontal bone, just superior to the nasal cavity
- 2-3 centimeters, asymmetrical shaped
- drainage- the frontonasal duct drains the frontal sinuses into the middle nasal meatus
Frontal sinuses
Location - bilateral in the body of the sphenoid bone
- 1.5-2.5 centimeters, often asymmetrical
- drainage- drains via the Ostia in the superior nasal meatus (sphenoethmoidal recess)
Sphenoid sinuses
Location: bilateral in the lateral mass of the ethmoid bone
- divisions- anterior, middle and posterior
- size- small cavities of varying sizes
- drainage- anterior: middle nasal meatus (hiatus semilunaris)
Middle: middle nasal meatus (bulla ethoidalis)
Posterior: drains via the Ostia in the superior nasal meatus (sphenoethmoidal recess)
Ethmoid sinuses
The largest of the paranasal sinuses and the most significant to dentistry
Location: bilateral in the body of the maxilla, just superior and posterior To the maxillary premolars and extending over the maxillary molars
Size: varies to the individual/age
Shape: pyramidal
Drainage: drains via the Ostia in the middle nasal meatus (hiatus semilunais)
Maxillary sinuses
Sinus infections can cause the patient to experience tooth pain when there is no pathology effecting the teeth, this is due to pressure from the infected sinus on the apical periodontium of the tooth
Dental pain
