Quiz #6 Flashcards
Scene regions that are markedly different from their surroundings, whether in color, contrast, movement, or orientation, are said to have ___.
a.
visual vitality
b.
attentional release
c.
visual salience
d.
schema qualities
c.
visual salience
A basketball player looks to the left but then suddenly throws a dead-on pass to a teammate off to the right. In this case, the player used __ attention while looking to the left and __ attention when throwing the ball to the teammate off to the right.
a.
covert; overt
b.
vigilant; exigent
c.
overt; covert
d.
focused; distracted
c.
overt; covert
Yarbus (1967) asked participants to look at Illya Repin’s painting An Unexpected Visitor, with instructions to determine the ages of the people in the painting, remember the clothing worn by the people, or remember the locations of the people and objects in the room. Analysis of eye movements showed __.
a.
participants who liked the painted made eye movements that differed from people who did not like it
b.
the task being performed strongly influenced the pattern of eye movements
c.
perceptual salience, especially the bright area in the scene determined the pattern of eye movements
d.
the participant’s art background was found to influence the pattern of eye movements
b.
the task being performed strongly influenced the pattern of eye movements
Attention to a specific location is called ___.
a.
place-based attention
b.
spot light vision
c.
locational attending
d.
spatial attention
d.
spatial attention
Eye movements that occur as observers shift their gaze from one part of the visual scene to another are called ___.
a.
wandering eye movements
b.
magnified eye movements
c.
saccades
d.
pursuit eye movements
c.
saccades
Posner’s precuing studies demonstrated that attention ___.
a.
can spread among objects
b.
causes disjointed feature processing
c.
eliminates change blindness
d.
increases efficiency of information processes
d.
increases efficiency of information processes
Currasco and coworkers (2004) measured people’s responses to grating stimuli with alternating light and dark bars. They were interested in seeing whether visual attention affects the perceived contrast between the bars. Results showed that when two gratings were different, an attention-capturing dot had no effect on the perceived contrast of the gratings; when the gratings were the same, the one that received attention appeared to have ___.
a.
less contrast
b.
no contrast
c.
more contrast
d.
changes in grating orientation
c.
more contrast
When presented with superimposed images of a house and a face, Mark is asked to focus on the house. This attentional “focus” results in ___.
a.
increased activity in the FFA
b.
similar activation changes in the FFA and PPA
c.
increased activity in the PPA
d.
increased activity in the MT
c.
increased activity in the PPA
In a study on ___, Simon & Chablis (1999) showed a video of two “teams” playing basketball while observers were asked to count the number of times players dressed in white shirts passed the ball. In the middle of the game, a person dressed in a gorilla suit walked through the game. Nearly half of the observers – 46 percent – failed to report that they had seen the gorilla.
a.
inattentional blindness
b.
attentional pre-cuing
c.
visual capture
d.
change blindness
a.
inattentional blindness
Forster and Lavie (2006) asked participants to press a letter key as quickly as possible when they identified a target, X or N, within a circle of distractors. In the easy task, the distractors were all small letter o’s, meaning that the target stood out. In the difficult task, the distractors were other letters that resembled the target letters, making the task difficult. While participants were engaged in the target finding task, on some trials an animated cartoon was flashed off to the side of the screen. Forster and Lavie reported that the distracting cartoon stimulus ___.
a.
provided additional perceptual capacity to observers
b.
interfered more with the easy task than the difficult task
c.
interfered more with the difficult task than the easy task
d.
provided the same amount of interference regardless of task difficulty
b.
interfered more with the easy task than the difficult task
