Quiz #5 Flashcards
The ___ problem shows that numerous physical stimuli can create exactly the same image on the retina.
A.
correspondence
a.
inverse projection
b.
viewpoint invariance
c.
ambiguity
A. inverse projection
According to Goldstein, the process of perceptual organization involves two components: __.
a.
inverse projection and ambiguity
b.
correspondence and communication
c.
grouping and segregation
d.
insight and attention
c. grouping and segregation
Wundt is to ___ as Wertheimer is to ___.
a.
Gestalt psychology; structuralism
b.
psychophysics; metaphysics
c.
functionalism; structuralism
d.
structuralism; Gestalt psychology
d.
structuralism; Gestalt psychology
Corey looks at a flock of seagulls flying in one direction, when suddenly five of the seagulls start flying in another direction. He now perceives two groups of birds, because of the principle of ___.
a.
common fate
b.
synchrony
c.
uniform connectedness
d.
Pragnanz
a.
common fate
The Olympic symbol is generally seen as five interlocked circles rather than an assortment of nine separate shapes. This illustrates the principle of ___.
a.
uniform connectedness
b.
Pragnanz
c.
common fate
d.
similarity
b.
Pragnanz
The border separating the figure from the ground appears to ___.
a.
belong to the figure
b.
be shared by the figure and the ground
c.
be independent of the figure and the ground
d.
belong to the ground
a.
belong to the figure
Mary Potter showed observers a target, such as the phrase “girl clapping,” followed by 16 images presented in very rapid succession. The task was to indicate whether the target occurred in the set of 16 rapidly presented pictures or not. At this very rapid presentation rate, observers were able to detect that the target had been presented ___% of the time.
a.
50
b.
90
c.
75
d.
100
b.
90
Palmer (1975) first displayed a context scene such as a kitchen counter top to observers and then briefly flashed one of several target pictures that observers were asked to identify. Palmer found that when the target picture was consistent with the original context scene (e.g., a loaf of bread), observers correctly identified it ___% of the time. When the target picture was of a similar shape (e.g., a mailbox) but not consistent with the context observers correctly identified it ___% of the time.
a.
80; 40
b.
40; 80
c.
50; 50
d.
100; 50
a.
80; 40
Frank Tong and coworkers (1998) took advantage of ___ to present a picture of a face to one eye and a picture of a house to the other eye. Observers reported seeing the face for a few seconds and then the house for a few seconds, and these two perceptions alternated back and forth every few seconds. fMRI brain imaging showed that different parts of the brain were activated by the house and the face, respectively.
a.
visual masking
b.
binocular rivalry
c.
figure ground segregation
d.
Bayesian inferences
b.
binocular rivalry
Goldstein describes studies of neural mind reading, such as those by Kamitani and Tong (2005) and by Naselaris and coworkers (2009). The goal of these studies is to ___.
a.
predict the brain activity that would result from looking at an object
b.
prevent cybercrime
c.
develop a machine that can identify faces as a human would
d.
predict the object that is being looked at from the pattern of brain activity
d.
predict the object that is being looked at from the pattern of brain activity
