Quiz #3 Flashcards
Hartline and coworkers studied the lateral plexus in the Limulus (horseshoe crab). In these studies, when Hartline and coworkers recorded from the nerve fiber of receptor A, they found that illumination of receptor A caused a large increase in the firing rate of the nerve fiber. When they added illumination to nearby receptors, at B, the firing rate of the nerve fiber connected to receptor A ___.
a.
became intermittent
b.
decreased
c.
increased
d.
stopped
b.
decreased
In the staircase illusion (also called the Chevreul illusion), four gray rectangles are placed side by side, ranging from light on the left to dark on the right. If you compare a plot of the actual light intensity across the rectangles in this display, to a plot of the light intensity that we perceive as we look at this display you would find ___.
a.
we fail to perceive minor gradations in lightness that occur at the edges of the rectangles
b.
we mistakenly perceive dark and light bands at the center of each rectangle
c.
we mistakenly perceive light and dark bands at the border of each rectangle
d.
we accurately perceive the actual light in the stimulus
c.
we mistakenly perceive light and dark bands at the border of each rectangle
The region of the retina that must receive illumination in order to obtain a response from a nerve fiber is known at that fiber’s ___.
a.
receptive field
b.
response realm
c.
reporting region
d.
detection zone
a.
receptive field
Which situation would make an excitatory-center, inhibitory surround receptive field fire at its maximum rate?
a.
a large spot of light that completely fills the entire excitatory-center, inhibitory surround area
b.
a spot of light that completely fills the excitatory-center area, but does not extend beyond it
c.
a spot of light that completely fills the excitatory-center area, and even extends a bit beyond it
d.
a very small spot of light hitting the center of the excitatory-center area
b.
a spot of light that completely fills the excitatory-center area, but does not extend beyond it
Hubel and Wiesel describe simple cortical cells in the striate visual cortex of the cat. These simple cortical cells responded most vigorously when the cat was shown a ___.
a.
moving corner or angle
b.
small spot of light on a dark background
c.
bar at a particular orientation
d.
bar moving in a particular direction
c.
bar at a particular orientation
The LGN (lateral geniculate nucleus) receives about ___% of the optic nerve fibers that leave the eye; the remaining nerve fibers travel directly to the ___.
a.
20; striate cortex
b.
75; occipital lobe
c.
90; superior colliculus
d.
10; visual receiving area V1
c.
90; superior colliculus
Blakemore and Cooper’s classic studies of selective rearing in cats demonstrated that cats that were reared in an environment that only provided vertical stripes, would have cortical cells that___.
a.
stopped at the superior colliculus
b.
do not respond to light
c.
respond almost exclusively to vertical stripes
d.
respond almost exclusively to horizontal stripes
d.
respond almost exclusively to horizontal stripes
_____ is the representation of a particular object, say Bill’s face, by the pattern of firing of a large number of neurons.
a.
Contextual modulation
b.
Sparse coding
c.
Specificity coding
d.
Population coding
d.
Population coding
Hubel & Wiesel found some cells in the primary visual cortex that do not respond to spots of light or to stationary bars of light. Instead, these Complex cortical cells responded best to ___.
a.
moving lines of a specific length
b.
pictures of a particular person’s face
c.
moving corners or angles
d.
a correctly oriented bar of light that moves across the entire receptive field in a preferred direction
d.
a correctly oriented bar of light that moves across the entire receptive field in a preferred direction
Kapadia and coworkers (2000) identified a neuron in the monkey’s visual cortex that responded best when a bar of a particular orientation appeared within its receptive field. When two identical bars were presented outside the receptive field, the neuron gave little to no response, as expected. However, when the bars were presented both inside and outside the neuron’s receptive field, the neuron’s response was much larger. This enhancement of the neuron’s firing properties by stimuli that fall outside the normal receptive field is called ___.
a.
contextual modulation
b.
population coding
c.
neural cross-talk
d.
sympathetic firing
a.
contextual modulation
